Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

со всех языков на все языки

available in a competition

Толкование Перевод

1 pula

-i; -e

pool

* * *

pula

f.

1. (= stawka) pool, pot; jackpot; kitty; zgarnąć całą pulę ( w pokerze) hit the jackpot; ( w kasynie) sweep the board; pula finałowa pool of finalists, finalists' pool.

2. (= partia gry) game.

3. (= ilość czegoś) amount, supply; ( w loterii) raffle prizes; pula nagród prizes ( available in a competition).

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pula
2 open

'əupən
1. adjective
1) (not shut, allowing entry or exit: an open box; The gate is wide open.) abierto

2) (allowing the inside to be seen: an open book.) abierto

3) (ready for business etc: The shop is open on Sunday afternoons; After the fog had cleared, the airport was soon open again; The gardens are open to the public.) abierto

4) (not kept secret: an open show of affection.) abierto

5) (frank: He was very open with me about his work.) abierto, franco

6) (still being considered etc: Leave the matter open.) abierto

7) (empty, with no trees, buildings etc: I like to be out in the open country; an open space.) abierto

2. verb
1) (to make or become open: He opened the door; The door opened; The new shop opened last week.) abrir(se)

2) (to begin: He opened the meeting with a speech of welcome.) abrir

•

- opener
- opening
- openly
- open-air
- open-minded
- open-plan
- be an open secret
- bring something out into the open
- bring out into the open
- in the open
- in the open air
- keep/have an open mind
- open on to
- the open sea
- open to
- open up
- with open arms

open¹ adj abierto

the door is open la puerta está abierta

is the supermarket open on Sundays? ¿está abierto el supermercado los domingos?

in the open air al aire libre

open² vb abrir

open the window abre la ventana

we don't open on Sundays no abrimos los domingos

open sustantivo masculino open championship o tournament
open m Dep (Golf, tenis, etc.) open ' open' also found in these entries: Spanish: abierta - abierto - abrir - abrefácil - abrirse - aire - boca - boquiabierta - boquiabierto - brazo - caja - campiña - canal - carta - corral - crisma - dar - descosido - descubierta - descubierto - desengañar - desengañarse - despanzurrar - desplegar - desplegarse - desprendida - desprendido - desprendimiento - destapar - diáfana - diáfano - empezar - escalabrarse - extender - extendida - extendido - forzar - fuego - golpetazo - importar - inaugurar - instancia - intemperie - liberal - loro - par - prestarse - rasa - raso - relucir English: blast - burst open - certain - daily - debate - door - fire - get - half-open - hurtle - instruct - lay - lest - lever - manage - mouth - nowhere - open - open out - open up - open-air - open-and-shut - open-minded - option - prise - question - receive - secret - shall - snap - some - spring - swing - tin - wedge - wide open - window - wrench - above - as - blow - boat - burst - car - crack - downstairs - draw - forthcoming - gape - generous

open

tr['əʊpən]

adjective

1 (not closed - gen) abierto,-a; (- wound) abierto,-a, sin cicatrizar

■ the road is now open to traffic la carretera ya está abierta al tráfico

■ I can't keep my eyes open no puedo mantener los ojos abiertos

2 (not enclosed) abierto,-a

■ the open sea el mar abierto

3 (not covered - gen) descubierto,-a

■ an open sewer una alcantarilla al descubierto

■ an open car un coche descapotable

4 (not fastened, not folded) abierto,-a; (not buttoned) desabrochado,-a, abierto,-a

■ the book lay open el libro estaba abierto

■ a blouse open at the neck una blusa con el cuello desabrochado

5 (ready for customers) abierto,-a; (ready to start being used) inaugurado,-a

■ many shops are now open on Sundays muchas tiendas están abiertas los domingos

■ the new school was declared open la nueva escuela fue inaugurada oficialmente

6 (not settled) sin resolver; (not decided) sin decidir, sin concretar

■ an open question una cuestión sin resolver

■ keep your options open deja todas las puertas abiertas

■ let's leave the matter open dejemos el asunto sin concretar

7 (available) vacante

8 (not hidden, not limited) abierto,-a, franco,-a, manifiesto,-a

■ a state of open war un estado de guerra abierta

9 (frank, honest) abierto,-a, sincero,-a, franco,-a

■ I'll be open with you te seré sincero

10 (that anyone can enter) abierto,-a, libre

■ an open championship un campeonato abierto

■ this meeting is open to the public esta reunión está abierta al público

11 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL (cheque) abierto,-a

12 (cloth, texture, weave) abierto,-a

13 SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL (vowel) abierto,-a

noun

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (competition) open nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 (gen) abrir

■ open your mouth abre la boca

■ have you opened your present? ¿has abierto tu regalo?

2 (book, newspaper) abrir; (map) abrir, desplegar

■ she opened the book abrió el libro

■ open your hands abre las manos

3 (start - gen) abrir; (meeting) abrir, dar comienzo a; (debate) abrir, iniciar; (bidding, negotiations) iniciar; (talks, conversation) entablar

■ I'd like to open a bank account quisiera abrir una cuenta bancaria

■ she opened the congress with a speech abrió el congreso con un discurso

4 (begin, set up) abrir, montar, poner; (inaugurate, declare open) abrir, inaugurar

■ Princess Diana opened a new hospital la Princesa Diana inauguró un nuevo hospital

■ we're going to open a business vamos a montar un negocio

5 (tunnel, road, mine, etc) abrir

intransitive verb

1 (gen) abrir, abrirse

■ the door opened la puerta se abrió

■ the cut's opened up again la herida se ha vuelto a abrir

2 (spread out, unfold) abrirse

■ the roses are opening las rosas se están abriendo

■ his parachute failed to open su paracaídas no se abrió

3 (start - conference, play, book) comenzar, empezar; (film) estrenarse

■ the film opens on Friday la película se estrena el viernes

■ the book opens with a robbery el libro comienza con un atraco

4 (begin business) abrir

■ what time do the banks open? ¿a qué hora abren los bancos?

adjective open to

1 (susceptible) susceptible a, expuesto,-a a; (receptive) abierto,-a a; (available) posible

■ we're open to suggestions estamos abiertos a todo tipo de sugerencias

■ that statement is open to misunderstanding esa afirmación puede malinterpretarse

■ I'm open to offers estoy dispuesto a recibir ofertas

■ there are two options open to you tienes dos opciones

noun the open

1 (the outdoors, open air) campo, aire nombre masculino libre

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be an open book figurative use ser como un libro abierto

in the open air al aire libre

open sesame! ¡ábrete sésamo!

to lay oneself (wide) open to something exponerse a algo

to be out in the open (person) estar al aire libre 2 (facts, secret) saberse, estar a la luz

to bring something (out) into the open hacer público algo, sacar algo a la luz

to keep an open mind tener una actitud abierta

to keep one's eyes open estar ojo avizor

to keep open house tener las puertas abiertas a todo el mundo

to open fire abrir fuego (on/at, contra)

to open somebody's eyes to something abrirle los ojos a alguien, hacerle ver algo a alguien

open day jornada de puertas abiertas

open letter carta abierta

open market mercado libre, mercado abierto

open prison prisión nombre femenino de régimen abierto

open season temporada de caza

open secret secreto a voces

the Open University ≈ Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

open ['o:pən] vt

1) : abrir

open the door: abre la puerta

2) uncover: destapar

3) unfold: desplegar, abrir

4) clear: abrir (un camino, etc.)

5) inaugurate: abrir (una tienda), inaugurar (una exposición, etc.)

6) initiate: initiar, entablar, abrir

to open the meeting: abrir la sesión

to open a discussion: entablar un debate

open vi

1) : abrirse

2) begin: empezar, comenzar

open adj

1) : abierto

an open window: una ventana abierta

2) frank: abierto, franco, directo

3) uncovered: descubierto, abierto

4) extended: extendido, abierto

with open arms: con los brazos abiertos

5) unrestricted: libre, abierto

6) undecided: pendiente, por decidir, sin resolver

an open question: una cuestión pendiente

7) available: vacante, libre

the job is open: el puesto está vacante

open n

in the open

1) outdoors: al aire libre

2) known: conocido, sacado a la luz

open

adj.

• abierto, -a adj.

• descampado, -a adj.

• descercado, -a adj.

• desembarazado, -a adj.

• desparramado, -a adj.

• despejado, -a adj.

• destapado, -a adj.

• directo, -a adj.

• extendido, -a adj.

• franco, -a adj.

• liberal adj.

• libre adj.

• llano, -a adj.

• paladino, -a adj.

v.

• abrir v.

• aportillar v.

• desabrochar v.

• desbocar v.

• desplegar v.

• destapar v.

• entreabrir v.

• inaugurar v.

I 'əʊpən
adjective

1)

a) ( not shut or sealed) abierto

with open arms — con los brazos abiertos

to cut something open — abrir* algo cortándolo

he pushed the door open — abrió la puerta de un empujón

b) ( not fastened) <shirt/jacket> abierto, desabrochado

c) ( not folded) <flower/newspaper/book> abierto

2)

a) ( not enclosed) abierto

it's open country all around here — aquí estamos en campo abierto

open prison — cárcel f en régimen abierto

on the open seas — en alta mar, en mar abierto

b) ( not blocked) abierto

the road is now open to traffic once more — la carretera vuelve a estar abierta al tráfico

c) < cheque> ( in UK) no cruzado, al portador, a la orden

3)

a) ( not covered) < carriage> abierto, descubierto; < sewer> a cielo abierto, descubierto

an open fire — una chimenea, un hogar

b) (exposed, vulnerable)

open TO something — \<\<to elements/enemy attack\>\> expuesto a algo

to lay o leave oneself open to something — exponerse* a algo

this is open to misunderstanding/abuse — esto se presta a malentendidos/a que se cometan abusos

4) (pred) ( ready for business)

to be open — \<\<shop/museum\>\> estar* abierto

the new section is open for traffic — el nuevo tramo está abierto al tráfico

5) ( unrestricted) < membership> abierto al público en general; < meeting> a puertas abiertas, abierto al público; <ticket/reservation> abierto; < government> abierto

open letter — carta f abierta

in the open market — en el mercado libre or abierto

to sell something open stock — (AmE) vender algo por piezas or por unidad

let's throw the topic open for debate — abramos el debate sobre el tema

to be open TO somebody/something: the competition is open to everybody cualquiera puede presentarse al certamen; the palace gardens are open to the public — los jardines del palacio están abiertos al público

6)

a) ( available) (pred)

several options are open to us — tenemos or se nos presentan varias opciones or alternativas

b) ( not decided)

that's still an open question — eso aún está por decidirse

let's leave things open for the time being — no descartemos ninguna posibilidad de momento

let's leave the date open — no concretemos la fecha todavía

open verdict — veredicto que se emite cuando no se puede establecer la causa de la muerte de una persona

7)

a) ( receptive) abierto

I'm always open to suggestions — siempre estoy abierto a todo tipo de sugerencias, siempre estoy dispuesto a recibir sugerencias

to have an open mind — tener* una actitud abierta

b) (frank, candid)

to be open WITH somebody — ser* sincero or franco con alguien

8) ( not concealed) <resentment/hostility> abierto, manifiesto

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<door/box/parcel\>\> abrir*; \<\<bottle\>\> abrir*, destapar

to open one's mouth/eyes — abrir* la boca/los ojos

b) ( unfold) \<\<newspaper/book\>\> abrir*

2)

a) (clear, remove obstructions from) \<\<road/channel\>\> abrir*

b) (make accessible, available) abrir*

they have opened the house to the public — han abierto la casa al público

3)

a) (set up, start) \<\<branch/department\>\> abrir*; \<\<shop/business\>\> abrir*, poner*

b) ( declare open) abrir*, inaugurar

4) ( begin) \<\<debate\>\> abrir*, iniciar; \<\<meeting\>\> abrir*, dar* comienzo a; \<\<bidding\>\> iniciar; \<\<talks\>\> entablar

to open fire on somebody/something — abrir* fuego contra alguien/algo

5) ( make receptive)

to open something TO something — abrir* algo a algo

you must open your mind to new ideas — debes abrirte a nuevas ideas

2.

vi

1)

a) \<\<door/window/wound\>\> abrirse*

open wide! — abra bien la boca, abra bien grande

the heavens o skies opened — empezó a diluviar

b) ( unfold) abrirse*

2) ( give access)

to open ONTO/INTO something — dar* a algo

3) ( for business) \<\<shop/museum\>\> abrir*

4) ( begin) \<\<play/book\>\> comenzar*, empezar*; ( in card games) abrir* (el juego)

her new movie opens next week — su nueva película se estrena la semana próxima

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- open out

- open up

III

noun

1)

in the open — ( in open space or country) al aire libre; ( Mil) al descubierto

I feel better now it's all out in the open — me siento mejor ahora que todo el mundo lo sabe

to bring something (out) into the open — hacer* público algo, sacar* algo a la luz

2) Open ( Sport) (campeonato m) abierto m, Open m

['ǝʊpǝn]
1. ADJ

1) (gen) [book, grave, pores, wound etc] abierto; [bottle, tin etc] destapado

the book was open at page seven — el libro estaba abierto por la página siete

the door is open — la puerta está abierta

to break a safe open — forzar una caja fuerte

to cut a bag open — abrir una bolsa rajándola

to fling or throw a door open — abrir una puerta de golpe or de par en par

wide open — (door etc) abierto de par en par

- welcome sb with open arms
book 1., 1), arm
2) [shop, bank etc] abierto (al público)

the shop is still not open — la tienda sigue cerrada

3) (=unfolded) desplegado; (=unfastened) desabrochado

the map was open on the table — el mapa estaba desplegado sobre la mesa

with his shirt open — (=unbuttoned) con la camisa desabotonada

a shirt open at the neck — una camisa con el cuello desabrochado

4) (=not enclosed) descubierto, abierto; [car] descapotable

• in the open air — al aire libre

• open country — campo m raso

• on open ground — en un claro; (=waste ground) en un descampado

• open sea — mar m abierto

• with open views — con amplias or extensas vistas

5) (=not blocked) abierto, sin obstáculos

the way to Paris lay open — el camino de París quedaba abierto

the speed permitted on the open road — la velocidad permitida circulando en carretera

road open to traffic — carretera abierta al tráfico, vía libre

6) (=public, unrestricted) [championship, race, scholarship, ticket] abierto; [trial] público

• books on open access — libros mpl en libre acceso

• in open court — en juicio público

• to keep open house — tener mesa franca or casa abierta

• we had an open invitation to visit them — nos habían invitado a visitarles cuando quisiéramos

• open to the public on Mondays — abierto al público los lunes

the competition is open to all — todos pueden participar en el certamen, el certamen se abre a todos

membership is not open to women — la sociedad no admite a las mujeres

7) (=available, permissible)

what choices are open to me? — ¿qué posibilidades or opciones me quedan?

it is open to you to — + infin puedes perfectamente + infin, tienes derecho a + infin

8) (=not biased or prejudiced) abierto

• to be open to sth: I am open to advice — escucho de buena gana los consejos

• I am open to offers — estoy dispuesto a recibir ofertas

• I am open to persuasion — se me puede convencer

9) (=declared, frank) abierto; [person, admiration] franco; [hatred] declarado

• an open enemy of the Church — un enemigo declarado de la Iglesia

• to be in open revolt — estar en abierta rebeldía

• it's an open secret that... — es un secreto a voces que...

• to be open with sb — ser franco con algn

10) (=undecided) por resolver, por decidir; [race, contest] muy abierto, muy igualado

• to leave the matter open — dejar el asunto pendiente

• open question — cuestión f pendiente or sin resolver

it's an open question whether... — está por ver si...
mind
11) (=exposed, not protected) abierto, descubierto; [town] abierto; (Mil) expuesto, vulnerable

• to be open to sth: it is open to criticism on several counts — se le puede criticar por diversas razones, es criticable desde diversos puntos de vista

to lay o.s. open to criticism/attack — exponerse a ser criticado/atacado

• it is open to doubt whether... — queda la duda sobre si...

• open to the elements — desprotegido, desabrigado

• open to influence from advertisers — accesible a la influencia de los anunciantes

• it is open to question whether... — es cuestionable que...

• open to every wind — expuesto a todos los vientos

2. N

1)

• (out) in the open — (=out of doors) al aire libre; (=in the country) en campo m raso or abierto

to sleep (out) in the open — dormir al raso, dormir a cielo abierto

• to bring a dispute (out) into the open — hacer que una disputa llegue a ser del dominio público

their true feelings came (out) into the open — sus verdaderos sentimientos se dejaron adivinar

why don't you come (out) into the open about it? — ¿por qué no lo declara abiertamente?

2) (Golf, Tennis)

the Open — el (Torneo) Abierto, el Open

3. VT

1) (gen) [+ eyes, case, letter etc] abrir; [+ parcel] abrir, desenvolver; [+ bottle etc] destapar; [+ legs] abrir, separar; [+ abscess] cortar; [+ pores] dilatar

I didn't open my mouth — ni abrí la boca, no dije ni pío

2) [+ shop] (for daily business) abrir; (=set up) abrir, poner

3) (=unfold) [+ map] desplegar, extender; [+ newspaper] desplegar

4) (=unblock)

to open a road to traffic — abrir una carretera al público

5) (=begin) [+ conversation, debate, negotiations] entablar, iniciar

to open three hearts — (Bridge) abrir de tres corazones

• to open a bank account — abrir una cuenta en el banco

• to open the case — (Jur) exponer los detalles de la acusación

• to open fire — (Mil) romper or abrir el fuego

6) (=declare open, inaugurate) inaugurar

the exhibition was opened by the Queen — la exposición fue inaugurada por la Reina

to open Parliament — abrir la sesión parlamentaria

7) (=reveal, disclose) [+ mind, heart] abrir; [+ feelings, intentions] revelar; mind 1., 4)

8) (=make)

to open a road through a forest — abrir una carretera a través de un bosque

to open a hole in a wall — hacer un agujero en una pared

4. VI

1) [door, flower] abrirse; [pores] dilatarse

the door opened — se abrió la puerta

• this room opens into a larger one — este cuarto se comunica con or se junta con otro más grande

• a door that opens onto the garden — una puerta que da al jardín

- the heavens opened

2) (for business) [shop, bank] abrir

the shops open at nine — las tiendas abren a las nueve

3) (=begin) dar comienzo, iniciarse; [speaker] comenzar; (Theat) [play] estrenarse; (Cards, Chess) abrir

the season opens in June — la temporada comienza en junio

when we opened in Bradford — (Theat) cuando dimos la primera representación en Bradford

• to open for the Crown — (Jur) exponer los detalles de la acusación, presentar los hechos en que se basa la acusación

• the play opened to great applause — el estreno de la obra fue muy aplaudido

• the book opens with a long description — el libro empieza con una larga descripción

to open with two hearts — (Bridge) abrir de dos corazones

5.

CPD

open cheque N — (Brit) cheque m sin cruzar

open day N — día m abierto a todos

open fire N — chimenea f, hogar m

open government N — política f de transparencia gubernamental

open learning N — aprendizaje m abierto

open learning centre N — centro m de aprendizaje abierto

open letter N — carta f abierta

open market N — (in town) mercado m al aire libre; (Econ) mercado m libre, mercado m abierto

he bought it on the open market — lo compró en el mercado público

open pit N — (US) mina f a cielo abierto

open policy N — (Insurance) póliza f abierta

open primary N — (US) elección primaria abierta a aquellos que no son miembros de un partido

open prison N — cárcel f abierta

open sandwich N — sandwich m sin tapa, sandwich m abierto (esp LAm)

open shop N — (Ind) empresa f con personal agremiado y no agremiado

open source N — código m abierto

open source software N — software m de código abierto

Open University N — (Brit) ≈ Universidad f Nacional de Enseñanza a Distancia

open verdict N — (Jur) juicio m en el que se determina el crimen sin designar el culpable

- open out

- open up
OPEN UNIVERSITY La Open University o OU es el nombre que recibe en el Reino Unido la universidad a distancia para adultos, fundada en 1969. No se exigen requisitos formales de acceso para los primeros cursos y los alumnos estudian desde casa, con el apoyo de algunos programas de radio y televisión emitidos por la BBC, cursos por correspondencia y tutores en su localidad. Además, sobre todo en verano, se organizan algunos cursos a los que los alumnos tienen que asistir en persona.
* * *

I ['əʊpən]
adjective

1)

a) ( not shut or sealed) abierto

with open arms — con los brazos abiertos

to cut something open — abrir* algo cortándolo

he pushed the door open — abrió la puerta de un empujón

b) ( not fastened) <shirt/jacket> abierto, desabrochado

c) ( not folded) <flower/newspaper/book> abierto

2)

a) ( not enclosed) abierto

it's open country all around here — aquí estamos en campo abierto

open prison — cárcel f en régimen abierto

on the open seas — en alta mar, en mar abierto

b) ( not blocked) abierto

the road is now open to traffic once more — la carretera vuelve a estar abierta al tráfico

c) < cheque> ( in UK) no cruzado, al portador, a la orden

3)

a) ( not covered) < carriage> abierto, descubierto; < sewer> a cielo abierto, descubierto

an open fire — una chimenea, un hogar

b) (exposed, vulnerable)

open TO something — \<\<to elements/enemy attack\>\> expuesto a algo

to lay o leave oneself open to something — exponerse* a algo

this is open to misunderstanding/abuse — esto se presta a malentendidos/a que se cometan abusos

4) (pred) ( ready for business)

to be open — \<\<shop/museum\>\> estar* abierto

the new section is open for traffic — el nuevo tramo está abierto al tráfico

5) ( unrestricted) < membership> abierto al público en general; < meeting> a puertas abiertas, abierto al público; <ticket/reservation> abierto; < government> abierto

open letter — carta f abierta

in the open market — en el mercado libre or abierto

to sell something open stock — (AmE) vender algo por piezas or por unidad

let's throw the topic open for debate — abramos el debate sobre el tema

to be open TO somebody/something: the competition is open to everybody cualquiera puede presentarse al certamen; the palace gardens are open to the public — los jardines del palacio están abiertos al público

6)

a) ( available) (pred)

several options are open to us — tenemos or se nos presentan varias opciones or alternativas

b) ( not decided)

that's still an open question — eso aún está por decidirse

let's leave things open for the time being — no descartemos ninguna posibilidad de momento

let's leave the date open — no concretemos la fecha todavía

open verdict — veredicto que se emite cuando no se puede establecer la causa de la muerte de una persona

7)

a) ( receptive) abierto

I'm always open to suggestions — siempre estoy abierto a todo tipo de sugerencias, siempre estoy dispuesto a recibir sugerencias

to have an open mind — tener* una actitud abierta

b) (frank, candid)

to be open WITH somebody — ser* sincero or franco con alguien

8) ( not concealed) <resentment/hostility> abierto, manifiesto

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<door/box/parcel\>\> abrir*; \<\<bottle\>\> abrir*, destapar

to open one's mouth/eyes — abrir* la boca/los ojos

b) ( unfold) \<\<newspaper/book\>\> abrir*

2)

a) (clear, remove obstructions from) \<\<road/channel\>\> abrir*

b) (make accessible, available) abrir*

they have opened the house to the public — han abierto la casa al público

3)

a) (set up, start) \<\<branch/department\>\> abrir*; \<\<shop/business\>\> abrir*, poner*

b) ( declare open) abrir*, inaugurar

4) ( begin) \<\<debate\>\> abrir*, iniciar; \<\<meeting\>\> abrir*, dar* comienzo a; \<\<bidding\>\> iniciar; \<\<talks\>\> entablar

to open fire on somebody/something — abrir* fuego contra alguien/algo

5) ( make receptive)

to open something TO something — abrir* algo a algo

you must open your mind to new ideas — debes abrirte a nuevas ideas

2.

vi

1)

a) \<\<door/window/wound\>\> abrirse*

open wide! — abra bien la boca, abra bien grande

the heavens o skies opened — empezó a diluviar

b) ( unfold) abrirse*

2) ( give access)

to open ONTO/INTO something — dar* a algo

3) ( for business) \<\<shop/museum\>\> abrir*

4) ( begin) \<\<play/book\>\> comenzar*, empezar*; ( in card games) abrir* (el juego)

her new movie opens next week — su nueva película se estrena la semana próxima

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- open out

- open up

III

noun

1)

in the open — ( in open space or country) al aire libre; ( Mil) al descubierto

I feel better now it's all out in the open — me siento mejor ahora que todo el mundo lo sabe

to bring something (out) into the open — hacer* público algo, sacar* algo a la luz

2) Open ( Sport) (campeonato m) abierto m, Open m

English-spanish dictionary > open
3 open

1. adjective
1) offen

with the window open — bei geöffnetem Fenster

be [wide/half] open — [weit/halb] offen stehen

hold the door open [for somebody] — [jemandem] die Tür aufhalten

push/pull/kick the door open — die Tür aufstoßen/aufziehen/eintreten

force something open — etwas mit Gewalt öffnen

with one's mouth open — mit offenem Mund

have one's eyes open — die Augen geöffnet haben

[not] be able to keep one's eyes open — [nicht mehr] die Augen offenhalten können; see also academic.ru/26032/eye">eye 1. 1)

2) (unconfined) offen [Gelände, Feuer]

on the open road — auf freier Strecke

in the open air — im Freien

3) (ready for business or use)

be open — [Laden, Museum, Bank usw.:] geöffnet sein

‘open’/‘open on Sundays’ — "geöffnet"/"Sonntags geöffnet"

4) (accessible) offen; öffentlich [Treffen, Rennen]; (available) frei [Stelle]; freibleibend [Angebot]

lay open — offen legen [Plan]

be open to the public — für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich sein

the offer remains open until the end of the month — das Angebot bleibt bestehen od. gilt noch bis Ende des Monats

keep a position open for somebody — jemandem eine Stelle freihalten

5)

be open to — (exposed to) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.) [Wind, Sturm]; (receptive to) offen sein für [Ratschlag, andere Meinung, Vorschlag]

I hope to sell it for £1,000, but I am open to offers — ich möchte es für 1 000 Pfund verkaufen, aber ich lasse mit mir handeln

lay oneself [wide] open to criticism — etc. sich der Kritik usw. aussetzen

be open to question/doubt/argument — fraglich/zweifelhaft/umstritten sein

6) (undecided) offen

have an open mind about or on something — einer Sache gegenüber aufgeschlossen sein

with an open mind — aufgeschlossen

leave something open — etwas offen lassen

7) (undisguised, manifest) unverhohlen [Bewunderung, Hass]; offen [Verachtung, Empörung, Widerstand]; offensichtlich [Spaltung, Zwiespalt]

open war/warfare — offener Krieg/Kampf

8) (frank) offen [Wesen, Streit, Abstimmung, Gesicht]; (not secret) öffentlich [Wahl]

be open [about something/with somebody] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.) /gegenüber jemandem] offen sein

9) (expanded, unfolded) offen, geöffnet [Pore, Regenschirm]; aufgeblüht [Blume, Knospe]; aufgeschlagen [Zeitung, Landkarte, Stadtplan]

somebody/something is an open book [to somebody] — (fig.) jemand/etwas ist ein aufgeschlagenes od. offenes Buch [für jemanden]
2. noun
in the open — (outdoors) unter freiem Himmel

[out] in the open — (fig.) [öffentlich] bekannt

come [out] into the open — (fig.) (become obvious) herauskommen (ugs.); (speak out) offen sprechen

bring something [out] into the open — (fig.) etwas an die Öffentlichkeit bringen
3. transitive verb
1) öffnen; aufmachen (ugs.)

open something with a key — etwas aufschließen

2) (allow access to)

open something [to somebody/something] — etwas öffnen [für jemanden/etwas]; (fig.) [jemandem/einer Sache] etwas öffnen

open something to the public — etwas der Öffentlichkeit (Dat.) zugänglich machen

3) (establish) eröffnen [Konferenz, Kampagne, Diskussion, Laden]; beginnen [Verhandlungen, Krieg, Spiel]; (declare open) eröffnen [Gebäude usw.]

open an account — ein Konto eröffnen

open fire [on somebody/something] — das Feuer [auf jemanden/etwas] eröffnen

4) (unfold, spread out) aufschlagen [Zeitung, Landkarte, Stadtplan, Buch]; aufspannen, öffnen [Schirm]; öffnen [Fallschirm, Poren]

open one's arms [wide] — die od. seine Arme [weit] ausbreiten

5) (reveal, expose)

something opens new horizons/a new world to somebody — (fig.) etwas eröffnet jemandem neue Horizonte/eine neue Welt

6) (make more receptive)

open one's heart or mind to somebody/something — sich jemandem/einer Sache öffnen

open somebody's mind to something — jemandem etwas nahe bringen
4. intransitive verb
1) sich öffnen; aufgehen; [Spalt, Kluft:] sich auftun

‘Doors open at 7 p.m.’ — "Einlass ab 19 Uhr"

open inwards/outwards — nach innen/außen aufgehen

the door would not open — die Tür ging nicht auf od. ließ sich nicht öffnen

his eyes opened wide — er riss die Augen weit auf

open into/on to something — zu etwas führen

the kitchen opens into the living room — die Küche hat eine Tür zum Wohnzimmer

2) (become open to customers) öffnen; aufmachen (ugs.); (start trading etc.) eröffnet werden

the shop does not open on Sundays — der Laden ist sonntags geschlossen

3) (make a start) beginnen; [Ausstellung:] eröffnet werden

Phrasal Verbs:

- open out

- open up
•• Cultural note:
Open University - OU

Eine britische Fernuniversität, die 1969 gegründet wurde und vor allem Berufstätigen im Fernstudium Kurse auf verschiedenem Niveau bietet, insbesondere wissenschaftliche und berufliche Fortbildungsprogramme. Studenten jeder Altersgruppe, selbst solche ohne die erforderlichen Schulabschlüsse, können das Studium nach vier oder fünf Jahren mit dem Bachelor's degree und dem Master's degree abschließen. Teilnehmer studieren von zu Hause - teilweise mittels audiovisueller Medien - schicken ihre Arbeit ein und erhalten eine Rückantwort von ihrem tutor (Dozent). Studenten können auch am Direktunterricht mit wöchentlichen Seminaren in Studienzentren und an Sommerschulen teilnehmen. Nach dem erfolgreichen Vorbild der Open University gibt es inzwischen auch in anderen Teilen der Welt ähnliche Fortbildungsprogramme

* * *
['əupən] 1. adjective
1) (not shut, allowing entry or exit: an open box; The gate is wide open.) offen

2) (allowing the inside to be seen: an open book.) offen

3) (ready for business etc: The shop is open on Sunday afternoons; After the fog had cleared, the airport was soon open again; The gardens are open to the public.) geöffnet

4) (not kept secret: an open show of affection.) offen

5) (frank: He was very open with me about his work.) offen

6) (still being considered etc: Leave the matter open.) offen

7) (empty, with no trees, buildings etc: I like to be out in the open country; an open space.) offen
2. verb
1) (to make or become open: He opened the door; The door opened; The new shop opened last week.) öffnen

2) (to begin: He opened the meeting with a speech of welcome.) eröffnen

•

- opener
- opening
- openly
- open-air
- open-minded
- open-plan
- be an open secret
- bring something out into the open
- bring out into the open
- in the open
- in the open air
- keep/have an open mind
- open on to
- the open sea
- open to
- open up
- with open arms
* * *

open

[ˈəʊp^ən, AM ˈoʊ-]

I. adj

1. inv (not closed) container, eyes, garment, door, window offen, auf präd; pass also geöffnet, für den Verkehr freigegeben; book aufgeschlagen; flower aufgeblüht, erblüht; map auseinandergefaltet

she was breathing through her \open mouth sie atmete durch den offenen Mund

excuse me, your fly is \open entschuldige, aber dein Hosenstall steht offen fam

I had difficulty keeping my eyes \open ich konnte die Augen kaum noch offenhalten

to welcome sb with \open arms ( fig) jdn mit offenen Armen empfangen [o aufnehmen]

\open boat Boot nt ohne Verdeck

to do sth with one's eyes \open etw ganz bewusst tun

I got into this job with my eyes \open als ich diesen Job angenommen habe, war mir klar, was mich erwartet

an \open wound eine offene Wunde

wide \open [sperrangel]weit geöffnet

to burst \open bag, case aufgehen

to push sth \open etw aufstoßen; (violently) etw mit Gewalt öffnen

2. inv, pred (for customers, visitors) shop, bar, museum geöffnet, offen

is the supermarket \open yet? hat der Supermarkt schon auf?

is that new computer store \open for business yet? hat dieser neue Computerladen schon aufgemacht?

to declare sth for \open etw für eröffnet erklären

3. inv (not yet decided) case, decision, question offen

the race is still wide \open bei dem Rennen ist noch alles drin

the price is \open to negotiation über den Preis kann noch verhandelt werden

to be \open to interpretation Interpretationsspielraum bieten

an \open matter eine schwebende Angelegenheit [o offene Sache]

an \open mind eine unvoreingenommene Einstellung

to have/keep an \open mind unvoreingenommen [o objektiv] sein/bleiben

she has a very \open mind about new things sie steht neuen Dingen sehr aufgeschlossen gegenüber

to keep one's options \open sich dat alle Möglichkeiten offenhalten

an \open question eine offene Frage

\open ticket Ticket nt mit offenem Reisedatum

to leave sth \open etw offenlassen

4. inv (not enclosed) offen

to be in the \open air an der frischen Luft sein

to get out in the \open air an die frische Luft gehen

\open country unbebautes Land

\open field freies Feld

on the \open road auf freier Strecke

on the \open sea auf hoher See [o dem offenem Meer

5. inv (accessible to all) offen, öffentlich zugänglich

this library is not \open to the general public dies ist keine öffentliche Bibliothek

the competition is \open to anyone over the age of sixteen an dem Wettbewerb kann jeder teilnehmen, der älter als 16 Jahre ist

the job is \open to all applicants die Stelle steht allen Bewerbern offen

to have \open access to sth freien Zugang zu etw dat haben

in \open court in öffentlicher Verhandlung

an \open discussion eine öffentliche Diskussion

6. inv (not concealed) offen

\open hostility offene Feindschaft

\open resentment unverhohlene Abneigung

an \open scandal ein öffentlicher Skandal

to lay sth \open etw offenlegen

7. inv, pred (frank) person offen

he is quite \open about his weaknesses er spricht freimütig über seine Schwächen

▪ to be \open with sb offen zu jdm sein

an \open person ein offener [o aufrichtiger] Mensch

8. inv, pred (willing to accept)

▪ to be \open to sth für etw akk offen sein

\open to offers Angebote werden entgegengenommen

the company is \open to offers for the empty factory die Firma zieht Angebote für die leer stehende Fabrik in Betracht

to be \open to advice/new ideas/suggestions Ratschlägen/neuen Ideen/Vorschlägen gegenüber aufgeschlossen [o offen] sein

to be \open to bribes/offers/persuasion für Bestechung/Angebote/Überredung zugänglich sein

9. inv (available) frei, verfügbar; offer freibleibend

our offer will be kept \open until the end of the week unser Angebot gilt noch [o bleibt noch bestehen] bis Ende der Woche

there are still lots of opportunities \open to you dir stehen noch viele Möglichkeiten offen

it is \open to you to accept or to refuse the offer es steht Ihnen frei, das Angebot anzunehmen oder abzulehnen

the line is \open now die Leitung ist jetzt frei

to keep a bank account \open ein Bankkonto [weiterhin] bestehen lassen

\open time verfügbare Zeit

\open vacancies offene [o freie] Stellen

10. inv, pred (exposed) offen, ungeschützt; MIL ungedeckt, ohne Deckung

▪ to be \open to sth etw dat ausgesetzt sein

his macho attitude leaves him \open to ridicule mit seinem Machogehabe gibt er sich selbst der Lächerlichkeit preis

to be \open to attack Angriffen ausgesetzt sein

to be \open to criticism kritisierbar sein

to be \open to doubt zweifelhaft [o fraglich] sein

to be \open to the enemy feindlichem Zugriff unterliegen

to lay oneself \open to sth sich akk etw dat aussetzen

11. inv SPORT offen

\open champion Sieger(in) m(f) einer offenen Meisterschaft

\open championship offene Meisterschaften pl

12. inv SPORT (unprotected) game, style of play frei, ungedeckt

13. inv (letting in air) durchlässig, porös

an \open screen ein Drahtgitter [o Drahtnetz] nt

an \open weave eine lockere Webart

14. inv MUS

\open note Grundton m

\open pipe offene [Orgel]pfeife

\open string leere Saite

15. inv ELEC

\open circuit unterbrochener Stromkreislauf

16. inv MED (not constipated) bowels nicht verstopft, frei

17. inv BRIT FIN (not crossed)

\open cheque Barscheck m, Barcheck m SCHWEIZ

18. inv (free of ice) port, river eisfrei; weather, winter frostfrei

19. LING offen

\open syllable offene Silbe

\open vowel offener Vokal

20. MATH

\open set offene Menge

21.

▶ to be an \open book person [wie] ein aufgeschlagenes [o offenes] Buch sein; thing ein Kinderspiel sein

computers are an \open book to him mit Computern hat er überhaupt kein Probleme

II. vi

1. (from closed) sich akk öffnen, aufgehen

the door \opens much more easily now die Tür lässt sich jetzt viel leichter öffnen

the flowers \open in the morning die Blüten öffnen sich am Morgen

I can't get the door to \open! ich kann die Tür nicht aufkriegen!

2. (give access)

▪ to \open onto sth [direkt] zu etw dat führen

the door \opens into the garden die Tür führt direkt in den Garten

▪ to \open off sth zu etw dat hinführen

the small path \opened off the main road der schmale Weg führte auf die Hauptstraße

3. (for service) öffnen, aufmachen fam

the cafe \opens at ten o'clock das Café öffnet um zehn Uhr

4. (start) piece of writing or music, story beginnen, anfangen; film anlaufen; play Premiere haben

the trial \opens/the Olympic Games \open tomorrow der Prozess wird/die Olympischen Spiele werden morgen eröffnet

the film \opens in New York next week der Film läuft nächste Woche in New York an

who's going to \open? (in cards) wer kommt raus?, wer hat das Ausspiel?; STOCKEX

the shares \opened lower bei Börsenbeginn standen die Aktien niedriger

5. (become visible) sich akk zeigen

the valley \opened before them das Tal tat sich vor ihnen auf

6. (start new business) eröffnen, aufmachen, aufgehen SCHWEIZ

III. n

1. no pl (out of doors)

▪ [out] in the \open draußen; (in the open air) im Freien

to camp in the \open unter freiem Himmel nächtigen

2. no pl (not secret)

to bring sth out into the \open etw publikmachen [o an die Öffentlichkeit bringen]

to come out into the \open ans Licht kommen, auskommen SCHWEIZ, ruchbar werden geh

to get sth [out] in[to] the \open etw [offen] zur Sprache bringen [o ansprechen

3. SPORT (competition)

▪ the O\open [offene] Meisterschaft, Open nt fachspr

IV. vt

1. (change from closed)

to \open a book/magazine/newspaper ein Buch/ein Magazin/eine Zeitung aufschlagen

to \open a box/window/bottle eine Dose/ein Fenster/eine Flasche aufmachen [o öffnen]

to \open the curtains [or drapes] die Vorhänge aufziehen

to \open the door [or doors] to sth ( fig) neue Perspektiven [o Möglichkeiten] für etw akk eröffnen

to \open one's eyes seine Augen öffnen [o aufmachen]

to \open one's home to sb jdn bei sich dat aufnehmen

to \open a letter/file einen Brief/eine Akte öffnen

to \open a map eine [Straßen]karte auffalten

to \open one's mouth ( also fig) den Mund aufmachen, etw ausplaudern [o SCHWEIZ ausbringen]

to \open a vein ( hum) zum Strick greifen hum

2. (begin)

to \open fire MIL das Feuer eröffnen

to \open a meeting/rally ein Treffen/eine Kundgebung eröffnen

to \open negotiations in Verhandlungen eintreten

to \open the proceedings das Verfahren eröffnen

3. (set up)

to \open a bank account ein Konto einrichten [o eröffnen]

to \open a business/branch ein Geschäft/eine Zweigstelle eröffnen [o aufmachen

4. (for customers, visitors) öffnen

the company will open its doors for business next month die Firma wird im nächsten Monat eröffnet

to \open a bakery/book store/restaurant eine Bäckerei/einen Buchladen/ein Restaurant öffnen

5. (declare ready for use)

to \open a building ein Gebäude einweihen

to \open a road/tunnel eine Straße/einen Tunnel für den Verkehr freigeben

6. (break new ground)

▪ to \open sth etw erschließen

to \open a new field of science wissenschaftliches Neuland erschließen

7. (evacuate)

to \open one's bowels den Darm entleeren

8. (clear blockages)

▪ to \open sth:

the security team \opened a way through the crowd for the president das Sicherheitsteam bahnte dem Präsidenten einen Weg durch die Menge

to \open a canal einen Kanal passierbar machen

to \open a pipe ein Rohr durchgängig machen

to \open the view den Blick [o die Sicht] ermöglichen

9.

▶ to \open sb's eyes to sb/sth jdm die Augen über jdn/etw öffnen

▶ to \open the floodgates [to sb/sth] [jdm/etw] Tür und Tor öffnen pej

▶ to \open one's heart to sb jdm sein Herz ausschütten, sich akk jdm anvertrauen

▶ to \open one's mind offener [o SCHWEIZ meist aufgeschlossener] werden

* * *
['əUpən]
1. adj

1) door, bottle, book, eye, flower etc offen, auf pred, geöffnet; circuit offen; lines of communication frei; wound etc offen

to keep/hold the door open — die Tür offen lassen or auflassen/offen halten or aufhalten

to fling or throw the door open —

I can't keep my eyes open — ich kann die Augen nicht offen halten or aufhalten

the window flew open —

the thugs split his head open — die Schläger brachten ihm eine klaffende Wunde am Kopf bei

his defeat blew the competition wide open — durch seine Niederlage war der Ausgang des Wettbewerbs weit offen

a shirt open at the neck — ein am Hals offenes Hemd

2) (= open for business shop, bank etc) geöffnet

the baker/baker's shop is open — der Bäcker hat/der Bäckerladen ist or hat geöffnet or hat auf (inf)

3) (= not enclosed) offen; country, ground offen, frei; view frei; carriage, car offen, ohne Verdeck

in the open air — im Freien

on open ground — auf offenem or freiem Gelände

4) (= not blocked) Ling offen; road, canal, pores offen, frei (to für), geöffnet; rail track, river frei (to für); (MUS) string leer; pipe offen

open note — Grundton m

have you had your bowels open today? ( Med form ) — haben Sie heute Stuhlgang gehabt?

open to traffic/shipping — für den Verkehr/die Schifffahrt freigegeben

"road open to traffic" — "Durchfahrt frei"

5) (= officially in use) building eingeweiht; road, bridge (offiziell) freigegeben; exhibition eröffnet

to declare sth open — etw einweihen/freigeben/für eröffnet erklären

6) (= not restricted, accessible) letter, scholarship offen; market, competition offen, frei; (= public) meeting, trial öffentlich

to be open to sb (competition, membership, possibility) — jdm offenstehen; (admission) jdm freistehen; (place) für jdn geöffnet sein; (park)

my house is always open to you — mein Haus steht dir immer offen

the director's door is always open — die Tür des Direktors ist immer offen

in open court (Jur) — in öffentlicher Verhandlung

open to the public — der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich

park open to the public — öffentlicher Park

open forum — öffentliches Forum

she gave us an open invitation to visit — sie lud uns ein, jederzeit bei ihr vorbeizukommen

an unlocked window is an open invitation to a thief — ein unverschlossenes Fenster lädt geradezu zum Diebstahl ein

7)

to be open to advice/suggestions/ideas — Ratschlägen/Vorschlägen/Ideen zugänglich sein or gegenüber offen sein

I'm open to persuasion — ich lasse mich gern überreden

I'm open to offers — ich lasse gern mit mir handeln or reden

open to bribes — Bestechungen zugänglich

8) (= not filled) evening, time frei; job, post frei, offen

9) (= not concealed) campaign, secret, resistance offen; hostility offen, unverhüllt

10) (= not decided or settled) question offen, ungeklärt, ungelöst

they left the matter open — sie ließen die Angelegenheit offen or ungeklärt

to keep one's options open — es offenlassen

to keep an open mind — alles offenlassen; (judge, jury) unvoreingenommen sein

to have an open mind on sth — einer Sache (dat) aufgeschlossen gegenüberstehen

keep your mind open to new suggestions — verschließen Sie sich neuen Vorschlägen nicht

to be open to debate — zur Debatte stehen

11) (= exposed, not protected) (MIL) town offen; coast ungeschützt

a position open to attack — eine exponierte or leicht angreifbare Position

open to the elements — Wind und Wetter ausgesetzt

to be open to criticism/attack — der Kritik/Angriffen ausgesetzt sein

to lay oneself open to criticism/attack — sich der Kritik/Angriffen aussetzen

he left himself wide open to criticism — er setzte sich breiter Kritik aus

a theory open to criticism — eine anfechtbare Theorie

to be open to abuse — sich leicht missbrauchen lassen

to be open to doubt — anzweifelbar sein

12) weave locker; fabric, pattern durchbrochen

13) (= frank) character, face, person offen, aufrichtig

he was open with us — er war ganz offen mit uns

2. n

it's all out in the open now — nun ist alles heraus (inf), nun ist es alles zur Sprache gekommen

to bring sth out into the open — mit etw nicht länger hinterm Berg halten

to come out into the open ( fig, person ) — Farbe bekennen, sich erklären; (affair)

he eventually came out into the open about what he meant to do — er rückte endlich mit der Sprache heraus (inf), was er tun wollte

to force sb out into the open — jdn zwingen, sich zu stellen; (fig) jdn zwingen, Farbe zu bekennen

to force sth out into the open (fig) — etw zur Sprache bringen

3. vt

1) door, mouth, bottle, letter etc öffnen, aufmachen (inf); book aufschlagen, öffnen; newspaper aufschlagen; throttle, circuit öffnen

he didn't open his mouth once — er hat kein einziges Mal den Mund aufgemacht (inf)

to open ranks (Mil) — weg- or abtreten

2) (officially) exhibition eröffnen; building einweihen; motorway (für den Verkehr) freigeben

3) region erschließen

they opened a road through the mountains — durch die Berge wurde eine Straße gebaut

4) (= reveal, unfold) öffnen

to open one's heart to sb — sich jdm eröffnen (geh), jdm sein Herz aufschließen (geh)

to open sb's mind — jds Horizont erweitern

open your mind to new possibilities — öffnen Sie sich (dat) den Blick für neue Möglichkeiten

it had opened new horizons for him — dadurch erschlossen sich ihm neue Horizonte

5) (= start) case, trial, account eröffnen; debate, conversation etc beginnen

6) (= set up) shop eröffnen, aufmachen (inf); school einrichten

7) (MED) pores öffnen

to open the bowels (person) — Stuhlgang haben; (medicine) abführen

8)

to open fire (Mil) — das Feuer eröffnen (on auf +acc )

4. vi

1) aufgehen; (eyes) sich öffnen; (door, flower, book, wound, pores, window) sich öffnen, aufgehen

I couldn't get the box/bottle to open — ich habe die Schachtel/Flasche nicht aufbekommen

it won't open — es geht nicht auf

2) (shop, museum) öffnen, aufmachen

3) (= afford access door) führen (into in +acc)

the two rooms open into one another — diese zwei Zimmer sind durch eine Tür verbunden

See:

→ also open on to

4) (= start) beginnen (with mit); (CARDS, CHESS) eröffnen

the play opens next week — das Stück wird ab nächster Woche gegeben

when the play opened in Hull — bei der ersten Vorstellung in Hull

* * *

open [ˈəʊpən]

A s

1. the open

a) das offene Land,

b) die offene oder hohe See,

c) der freie Himmel:

in the open im Freien, unter freiem Himmel, in der freien Natur, an der frischen Luft, (Bergbau) über Tag

2. the open die Öffentlichkeit:

bring into the open an die Öffentlichkeit bringen;

come into the open fig

a) sich zeigen, hervorkommen,

b) sich erklären, offen reden, Farbe bekennen,

c) an die Öffentlichkeit treten ( with sth mit etwas);

draw sb into the open jemanden hervorlocken, jemanden aus seinem Versteck locken

3. besonders Golf, Tennis: (für Amateure und Profis) offenes Turnier:

the French Open pl die French Open pl

B adj (adv openly)

1. allg offen (Buch, Fenster, Flasche etc):

sleep with the window open bei offenem Fenster schlafen;

open chain CHEM offene Kette;

open prison JUR offenes Gefängnis;

open visibility SCHIFF klare Sicht;

the door is open die Tür ist oder steht offen, die Tür ist geöffnet oder umg auf;

cut open aufschneiden;

get open eine Tür etc aufbekommen, -bringen;

hold the door open for sb jemandem die Tür aufhalten;

keep ( oder leave) open eine Tür etc auflassen;

keep one’s eyes open fig die Augen offen halten;

pull open eine Schublade etc aufziehen;

throw open eine Tür etc aufreißen, -stoßen ( → B 7);

with open eyes mit offenen Augen (a. fig); → arm¹ Bes Redew, book A 1, bowel A 1 b, door Bes Redew, order A 5, punctuation 1

2. MED offen (Tuberkulose, Wunde etc)

3. offen, frei, zugänglich:

open country offenes Gelände;

open field freies Feld;

open sea offenes Meer, hohe See;

open spaces öffentliche Plätze (Parkanlagen etc); → air¹ A 1

4. frei, offen:

an open car ein offener Wagen;

open motor ELEK offener oder ungeschützter Motor;

lay open bloß-, freilegen ( → B 11)

5. offen, eisfrei (Hafen, Wasser etc):

open winter frostfreier Winter

6. geöffnet, offen, präd auch auf umg:

the shop ( museum, etc) is open;

the lines are open from … to … Sie können von … bis … anrufen;

we are open wir haben geöffnet

7. fig offen (to für), öffentlich, (jedem) zugänglich:

be open to offenstehen (dat);

throw open

a) der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich machen,

b) zugänglich machen (to dat, für)( → B 1);

open tournament → A 3;

open competition freier Wettbewerb;

open letter offener Brief;

open market WIRTSCH offener oder freier Markt;

open position freie oder offene (Arbeits)Stelle;

open sale öffentliche Versteigerung;

open session öffentliche Sitzung;

open for subscription WIRTSCH zur Zeichnung aufgelegt;

open to the public für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich;

open to traffic für den Verkehr freigegeben;

in open court JUR in öffentlicher Sitzung oder Verhandlung

8. fig zugänglich, aufgeschlossen ( beide:

to für oder dat):

be open to suggestions für Vorschläge offen sein; → bribery, conviction 2, mind A 2

9. fig ausgesetzt, unterworfen ( beide:

to der Kritik etc):

open to question anfechtbar;

open to temptation anfällig gegen die Versuchung;

lay o.s. open to criticism sich der Kritik aussetzen;

leave o.s. wide open to sb sich jemandem gegenüber eine (große) Blöße geben;

that is open to argument darüber lässt sich streiten;

be open to different interpretations verschiedene Deutungen zulassen; → misconstruction 1

10. offen(kundig), unverhüllt (Verachtung etc):

an open secret ein offenes Geheimnis

11. offen, freimütig:

I will be open with you ich will ganz offen mit Ihnen reden;

open and aboveboard offen und ehrlich;

lay open

a) offen darlegen,

b) aufdecken, enthüllen ( → B 4)

12. unentschieden, offen (Frage, Kampf etc)

13. fig frei (ohne Verbote):

open pattern JUR ungeschütztes Muster;

open season Jagd-, Fischzeit f (Ggs Schonzeit)

14. frei (Zeit):

keep a day open sich einen Tag freihalten

15. lückenhaft (Gebiss etc):

open population geringe Bevölkerungsdichte

16. durchbrochen (Gewebe, Handarbeit)

17. WIRTSCH laufend (Konto, Kredit, Rechnung):

open cheque Br Barscheck m

18. LING offen (Silbe, Vokal):

open consonant Reibelaut m

19. MUS

a) weit (Lage, Satz)

b) leer (Saite etc):

open harmony weiter Satz;

open note Grundton m (einer Saite etc)

20. TYPO licht:

open matter lichter oder weit durchschossener Satz;

open type Konturschrift f

C v/t

1. allg öffnen, aufmachen, die Augen, ein Buch auch aufschlagen:

open the circuit ELEK den Stromkreis ausschalten oder unterbrechen;

open one’s mouth fig den Mund aufmachen; → bowel A 1 b, door Bes Redew

2. eröffnen ( an account WIRTSCH ein Konto; a business WIRTSCH ein Geschäft; a credit WIRTSCH einen Kredit oder ein Akkreditiv; the debate die Debatte; fire MIL das Feuer [ at, on auf akk]; a prospect eine Aussicht):

open an account auch ein Konto anlegen;

open the case JUR die Verhandlung (durch Vortrag des eigenen Standpunkts) eröffnen;

open new markets WIRTSCH neue Märkte erschließen;

open negotiations Verhandlungen anknüpfen, in Verhandlungen eintreten;

open a road to traffic eine Straße dem Verkehr übergeben;

open diplomatic relations POL diplomatische Beziehungen aufnehmen

3. aufschneiden, -stechen, öffnen ( alle auch MED)

4. Gefühle, Gedanken enthüllen, seine Absichten kundtun:

open o.s. to sb sich jemandem mitteilen; → heart Bes Redew

5. JUR in der Schwebe lassen:

open a judg(e)ment beschließen, eine nochmalige Verhandlung über eine bereits gefällte Entscheidung zuzulassen

6. besonders SCHIFF ein bisher verdecktes Objekt in Sicht bekommen

D v/i

1. sich öffnen oder auftun, aufgehen (Tür etc):

“doors open at 7 p.m.” „Einlass ab 19 Uhr“; → heaven 4

2. (to) fig sich (dem Auge, Geist etc) erschließen oder zeigen oder auftun

3. führen, gehen (Fenster, Tür)

4. fig

a) anfangen, beginnen (Börse, Schule etc)

b) öffnen, aufmachen (Laden, Büro etc)

c) anlaufen (Film), eröffnen (Ausstellung etc)

d) (einen Brief, seine Rede) beginnen ( with mit)

5. a) allg öffnen

b) das Buch aufschlagen:

let’s open at page 50

6. SCHIFF in Sicht kommen

* * *
1. adjective
1) offen

with the window open — bei geöffnetem Fenster

be [wide/half] open — [weit/halb] offen stehen

hold the door open [for somebody] — [jemandem] die Tür aufhalten

push/pull/kick the door open — die Tür aufstoßen/aufziehen/eintreten

force something open — etwas mit Gewalt öffnen

with one's mouth open — mit offenem Mund

have one's eyes open — die Augen geöffnet haben

[not] be able to keep one's eyes open — [nicht mehr] die Augen offenhalten können; see also eye 1. 1)

2) (unconfined) offen [Gelände, Feuer]

on the open road — auf freier Strecke

in the open air — im Freien

3) (ready for business or use)

be open — [Laden, Museum, Bank usw.:] geöffnet sein

‘open’/‘open on Sundays’ — "geöffnet"/"Sonntags geöffnet"

4) (accessible) offen; öffentlich [Treffen, Rennen]; (available) frei [Stelle]; freibleibend [Angebot]

lay open — offen legen [Plan]

be open to the public — für die Öffentlichkeit zugänglich sein

the offer remains open until the end of the month — das Angebot bleibt bestehen od. gilt noch bis Ende des Monats

keep a position open for somebody — jemandem eine Stelle freihalten

5)

be open to — (exposed to) ausgesetzt sein (+ Dat.) [Wind, Sturm]; (receptive to) offen sein für [Ratschlag, andere Meinung, Vorschlag]

I hope to sell it for £1,000, but I am open to offers — ich möchte es für 1 000 Pfund verkaufen, aber ich lasse mit mir handeln

lay oneself [wide] open to criticism — etc. sich der Kritik usw. aussetzen

be open to question/doubt/argument — fraglich/zweifelhaft/umstritten sein

6) (undecided) offen

have an open mind about or on something — einer Sache gegenüber aufgeschlossen sein

with an open mind — aufgeschlossen

leave something open — etwas offen lassen

7) (undisguised, manifest) unverhohlen [Bewunderung, Hass]; offen [Verachtung, Empörung, Widerstand]; offensichtlich [Spaltung, Zwiespalt]

open war/warfare — offener Krieg/Kampf

8) (frank) offen [Wesen, Streit, Abstimmung, Gesicht]; (not secret) öffentlich [Wahl]

be open [about something/with somebody] — [in Bezug auf etwas (Akk.) /gegenüber jemandem] offen sein

9) (expanded, unfolded) offen, geöffnet [Pore, Regenschirm]; aufgeblüht [Blume, Knospe]; aufgeschlagen [Zeitung, Landkarte, Stadtplan]

somebody/something is an open book [to somebody] — (fig.) jemand/etwas ist ein aufgeschlagenes od. offenes Buch [für jemanden]
2. noun
in the open — (outdoors) unter freiem Himmel

[out] in the open — (fig.) [öffentlich] bekannt

come [out] into the open — (fig.) (become obvious) herauskommen (ugs.); (speak out) offen sprechen

bring something [out] into the open — (fig.) etwas an die Öffentlichkeit bringen
3. transitive verb
1) öffnen; aufmachen (ugs.)

open something with a key — etwas aufschließen

2) (allow access to)

open something [to somebody/something] — etwas öffnen [für jemanden/etwas]; (fig.) [jemandem/einer Sache] etwas öffnen

open something to the public — etwas der Öffentlichkeit (Dat.) zugänglich machen

3) (establish) eröffnen [Konferenz, Kampagne, Diskussion, Laden]; beginnen [Verhandlungen, Krieg, Spiel]; (declare open) eröffnen [Gebäude usw.]

open an account — ein Konto eröffnen

open fire [on somebody/something] — das Feuer [auf jemanden/etwas] eröffnen

4) (unfold, spread out) aufschlagen [Zeitung, Landkarte, Stadtplan, Buch]; aufspannen, öffnen [Schirm]; öffnen [Fallschirm, Poren]

open one's arms [wide] — die od. seine Arme [weit] ausbreiten

5) (reveal, expose)

something opens new horizons/a new world to somebody — (fig.) etwas eröffnet jemandem neue Horizonte/eine neue Welt

6) (make more receptive)

open one's heart or mind to somebody/something — sich jemandem/einer Sache öffnen

open somebody's mind to something — jemandem etwas nahe bringen
4. intransitive verb
1) sich öffnen; aufgehen; [Spalt, Kluft:] sich auftun

‘Doors open at 7 p.m.’ — "Einlass ab 19 Uhr"

open inwards/outwards — nach innen/außen aufgehen

the door would not open — die Tür ging nicht auf od. ließ sich nicht öffnen

his eyes opened wide — er riss die Augen weit auf

open into/on to something — zu etwas führen

the kitchen opens into the living room — die Küche hat eine Tür zum Wohnzimmer

2) (become open to customers) öffnen; aufmachen (ugs.); (start trading etc.) eröffnet werden

the shop does not open on Sundays — der Laden ist sonntags geschlossen

3) (make a start) beginnen; [Ausstellung:] eröffnet werden

Phrasal Verbs:

- open out

- open up
•• Cultural note:
Open University - OU

Eine britische Fernuniversität, die 1969 gegründet wurde und vor allem Berufstätigen im Fernstudium Kurse auf verschiedenem Niveau bietet, insbesondere wissenschaftliche und berufliche Fortbildungsprogramme. Studenten jeder Altersgruppe, selbst solche ohne die erforderlichen Schulabschlüsse, können das Studium nach vier oder fünf Jahren mit dem Bachelor's degree und dem Master's degree abschließen. Teilnehmer studieren von zu Hause - teilweise mittels audiovisueller Medien - schicken ihre Arbeit ein und erhalten eine Rückantwort von ihrem tutor (Dozent). Studenten können auch am Direktunterricht mit wöchentlichen Seminaren in Studienzentren und an Sommerschulen teilnehmen. Nach dem erfolgreichen Vorbild der Open University gibt es inzwischen auch in anderen Teilen der Welt ähnliche Fortbildungsprogramme

* * *

(not concealed) adj.

offen adj. (not hidden) adj.

nicht geheim adj. adj.

offen (Mathematik) adj.

offen adj.

übersichtlich (Gelände) adj. (close) the meeting expr.

Sitzung eröffnen (schließen) ausdr. (up) v.

erschließen (Markt) ausdr. v.

anfangen v.

eröffnen v.

öffnen v.

English-german dictionary > open
4 libero

free

camera d'albergo vacant, free

* * *

libero¹ agg.

1 free (anche fig.): lasciare libero un prigioniero, to set a prisoner free; essere un libero cittadino, to be a free citizen; libero arbitrio, free will; libero come l'aria, as free as the air; libero da pregiudizi, free from prejudice; libero da preoccupazioni, carefree (o free from care); è libero di fare quello che vuole, he is free to do what he wants; radio, televisione libera, independent radio, TV channel; libero amore, free love; ha sempre avuto libero accesso agli uffici, he has always had free access to the offices; entrata libera, admission free // parcheggio libero, free car park // spiaggia libera, public beach // traduzione libera, free translation; verso libero, free verse // disegno a mano libera, freehand drawing // (chim.) allo stato libero, loose // ( sport): esercizi a corpo libero, floor exercises; stile libero, freestyle (o crawl); tiro libero, free throw // (dir.): libero da tutela, of age; libero su cauzione, out on bail; fede di stato libero, certificate of unmarried status; carta libera, unstamped paper // libera professione, profession; libero professionista, professional (o freelancer); libero docente, tenured university lecturer // (econ.): libera impresa, free enterprise; libera trattazione, free marketing; libero scambio, free trade (o freedom of trade); libero gioco della domanda e dell'offerta, free play of supply and demand; area di libero scambio, free trade area; libera concorrenza, open (o free) competition; mercato libero, open (o free) market // (fin.): cambio libero, free exchange; libera monetazione, free coinage // (trib.) libero da imposta, duty-free (o tax-free) // (dir.) libero da ipoteca, unmortgaged (o mortgage-free o unencumbered)

2 (non occupato) free, clear, empty; vacant: è libero questo tavolo?, is this table free?; lasciare libera una camera, to leave a room free; ci sono ancora dei posti liberi se vuoi venire a teatro, there are still some seats free if you want to come to the theatre; l'autostrada era completamente libera, the motorway was completely clear; aprimi la porta, visto che hai le mani libere, since your hands are free (o empty) open the door for me; è difficile trovare un appartamento libero, it's hard to find a vacant flat; posto di lavoro libero, vacancy; il taxi è libero, the taxi is for hire (o free); (tel.) la linea è libera, the line is free; mi ha dato via libera per il progetto, (fig.) he has given me the go-ahead for the project; Via libera!, Se ne sono andati tutti, (fig.) It's all clear! They've all gone away // (ferr.) via libera, line clear

3 (senza impegni) free, not engaged, off (pred.): tempo libero, free (o spare) time; quando sarò libero verrò a trovarti, when I'm free I'll look you up; sono libero dalle due alle tre, I am free between two and three; l'ho lasciato libero nel pomeriggio, I gave him the afternoon free (o off); mi lascerai libero presto oggi?, will you let me off early today?; sabato libero, Saturday off

4 (aperto) open, clear: all'aria libera, in the open air

5 (licenzioso) free, loose: costumi, discorsi liberi, loose customs, talk

6 (mecc.) free, clear: ruota libera, free-wheel.

libero² s.m. (calcio) libero (pl. -os); (nella tattica del catenaccio) sweeper, spare man.

* * *
['libero] libero (-a)
1. agg

1) (senza costrizioni) free, (persona: non sposata) unattached

sei libera domani sera? — are you free tomorrow evening?

tenersi libero per domani/lunedì — to keep tomorrow/Monday free

libero da — (legami, preoccupazioni) free of o from

essere libero di fare qc — to be free to do sth

sei libero di rifiutare — you're free o at liberty to refuse

siete liberi di andarvene — you're free to go

dar libero corso a — to give free rein to

dar libero sfogo a — to give vent to

libera discussione — free o open discussion

"ingresso libero" — (gratuito) "entrance o admission free"

2) (non occupato: gen) free, (passaggio) clear, (posto) vacant, free, (linea telefonica) free

finalmente è libero! — the line is free at last!

è libero questo posto? — is this seat free?

avete una camera libera per questa sera? — have you got a room available for tonight?

non ha mai un momento libero — he never has a free moment

cosa fai nel tempo libero? — what do you do in your free o spare time?

la strada è libera — the road is clear

via libera! — all clear!

avere via libera — to have a free hand

dare via libera a qn — to give sb the go-ahead

2. sm

Calcio, (anche: battitore libero) sweeper

3.

- libera professione

- libera uscita

- libero arbitrio

- libero professionista

- libero scambio

* * *
['libero] 1.
aggettivo

1) [persona, paese, popolo] free

libero da — free from [pregiudizi, obblighi]; free from o of, clear of [ debiti]

libero da ipoteca — free of mortgage

2) (non impedito) free

avere le mani -e — to have one's hands free

avere mano -a — fig. to have a free hand

3) (non letterale) [traduzione, interpretazione] liberal, loose

4) (sgombro) [strada, via, spazio] clear

avere libero accesso — to have open o unrestricted access

"lasciare libero il passaggio" — "keep clear", "do not block"

5) (gratuito) [parcheggio, ingresso, entrata] free

6) (disponibile) [ persona] available; [camera, WC] vacant; [ posto] vacant, free, available; [ linea telefonica] open; [ taxi] for hire

siete -i domani? — are you free tomorrow?

tieniti libero per il 4 — keep the 4th clear

tempo libero — free o spare time, time off, leisure (time)

7) sport

stile libero — (nel nuoto) crawl

tiro libero — (nel basket) free throw
2.
sostantivo maschile sport (nel calcio) sweeper; (nella pallavolo) libero player

libero amore — free love

libero arbitrio — filos. free will

- a concorrenza — econ. free competition

-a impresa, -a iniziativa — econ. free enterprise

libero pensatore — freethinker

libero pensiero — freethinking, free thought

libero professionista — freelance professional

libero scambio — econ. free trade

- a uscita — leave

••

essere libero come l'aria — to be as free as the air o a bird

dare il via -a a qcn. — to give sb. the all clear o green light

* * *

libero

/'libero/

I aggettivo

1 [persona, paese, popolo] free; libero da free from [pregiudizi, obblighi]; free from o of, clear of [ debiti]; libero da ipoteca free of mortgage

2 (non impedito) free; avere le mani -e to have one's hands free; avere mano -a fig. to have a free hand

3 (non letterale) [traduzione, interpretazione] liberal, loose

4 (sgombro) [strada, via, spazio] clear; avere libero accesso to have open o unrestricted access; "lasciare libero il passaggio" "keep clear", "do not block"

5 (gratuito) [parcheggio, ingresso, entrata] free

6 (disponibile) [ persona] available; [camera, WC] vacant; [ posto] vacant, free, available; [ linea telefonica] open; [ taxi] for hire; siete -i domani? are you free tomorrow? tieniti libero per il 4 keep the 4th clear; tempo libero free o spare time, time off, leisure (time)

7 sport stile libero (nel nuoto) crawl; tiro libero (nel basket) free throw

II sostantivo maschile

sport (nel calcio) sweeper; (nella pallavolo) libero player

IDIOMS

essere libero come l'aria to be as free as the air o a bird; dare il via -a a qcn. to give sb. the all clear o green light

\

COMPOUNDS

libero amore free love; libero arbitrio filos. free will; - a concorrenza econ. free competition; -a impresa, -a iniziativa econ. free enterprise; libero pensatore freethinker; libero pensiero freethinking, free thought; libero professionista freelance professional; libero scambio econ. free trade; - a uscita leave.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > libero
5 concours

concours [kɔ̃kuʀ]

masculine noun

   a. ( = jeu, compétition) competition ; ( = examen) competitive examination

• concours agricole agricultural show

• concours hippique ( = sport) show-jumping

• un concours hippique ( = épreuve) a horse show

• concours de beauté beauty contest

• concours d'entrée (à) competitive entrance examination (for)

• être présenté hors concours to be shown outside the competition (because of outstanding merit)

• être mis hors concours to be disqualified

   b. ( = participation) help

• prêter son concours à qch to lend one's support to sth

• avec le concours de (participation) with the participation of ; (aide) with the help of

   c. ( = rencontre) concours de circonstances combination of circumstances

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

CONCOURS

In France, the cultural significance of competitive examinations with a predetermined quota of successful candidates is considerable. Gruelling « classes préparatoires » after secondary school level are designed to prepare high-flying students for the « grandes écoles » entrance exams, and have tended to promote a competitive and elitist approach to learning in these schools. Other examples of the importance of concours are the competitive recruitment procedures for public sector teaching posts (« CAPES » and « agrégation »), civil service appointments in ministries, and even jobs in the Post Office. → AGRÉGATION CAPES GRANDES ÉCOLES

* * *

Entry in many areas of the public services, including the teaching profession, as well as the most prestigious institutes of higher education, depends on succeeding in a competitive examination or concours. The number of candidates admitted depends on the number of posts or places available in a given year

* * *
kɔ̃kuʀ
1. vb

See:

concourir

2. nm

1) (= épreuve) competition

un concours de chant — a singing competition

2) ÉDUCATION competitive examination

recrutement par voie de concours — recruitment by competitive examination

See:

hors

3) (= assistance) help, assistance

apporter son concours à — to give one's support to

4)

concours de circonstances — combination of circumstances

par un heureux concours de circonstances — by a happy coincidence

* * *

concours nm inv

1 (jeu, compétition) competition; concours de piano/pêche piano/angling competition; concours agricole/floral agricultural/flower show; concours d'élégance fig fashion show; concours de beauté beauty contest; être hors concours to be ineligible to compete;

2 Admin, Scol competitive examination; par (voie de) concours by competitive examination; concours d'entrée entrance examination (à for); concours de recrutement Admin competitive entrance examination;

3 ( aide) help, assistance; ( appui) support; ( collaboration) cooperation; concours financier financial assistance; grâce au concours du personnel thanks to the cooperation of the staff; s'assurer le concours d'agents qualifiés to enlist the services of qualified staff; avec le concours de l'orchestre des Jeunes ( participation) with the Youth orchestra; apporter or prêter son concours à qch/qn to help out with sth/to help sb out;

4 Sport ( en athlétisme) field event.

Composés

concours de circonstances combination of circumstances; concours complet Équit three-day event; faire un concours complet to go eventing; concours général Scol prestigious competitive examination for pupils in top forms of French secondary schools; concours hippique Équit ( sport) show jumping; ( épreuve) horse show.

ⓘ Concours Entry in many areas of the public services, including the teaching profession, as well as the most prestigious institutes of higher education, depends on succeeding in a competitive examination or concours. The number of candidates admitted depends on the number of posts or places available in a given year.

[kɔ̃kur] nom masculin

1. [aide] aid, help, support

prêter son concours à to lend one's support to

2. [combinaison]

un heureux/un fâcheux concours de circonstances a lucky/an unfortunate coincidence

3. [épreuve] competition, contest

concours de beauté/de chant beauty/singing contest

concours agricole/hippique agricultural/horse show

4. ÉDUCATION competitive (entrance) exam

le concours d'entrée à l'ÉNA the entrance exam for ÉNA

le concours de l'Eurovision the Eurovision song contest

le concours généralcompetition in which the best pupils in the two upper forms at French lycées compete for prizes in a variety of subjects

avec le concours de locution prépositionnelle

with the participation of, in association with

————————

par concours locution adverbiale,

sur concours locution adverbiale

[recruter, entrer] on the results of a competitive entrance exam

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > concours
6 libre

libre [libʀ]

1. adjective

   a. ( = sans contrainte) free ; ( = non marié) unattached

• être libre de ses mouvements to be free to do what one pleases

• la libre circulation des personnes the free movement of people

• le monde libre the free world

• libre de faire qch free to do sth

• être très libre avec qn to be very free with sb

• donner libre cours à sa colère to give free rein to one's anger

• le sujet de la dissertation est libre students are free to choose the subject of the essay

   b. ( = non occupé) [passage, voie] clear ; [taxi] for hire ; [personne, place, salle] free ; [toilettes] vacant

• poste libre vacancy

• la ligne n'est pas libre the line is busy

• heure libre or de libre (inf) free hour ; (à l'école) free period

• avoir du temps libre or de libre (inf) to have some free time

• êtes-vous libre ce soir ? are you free this evening?

   c. ( = non étatisé) [enseignement] private and Roman Catholic

• école libre private Roman Catholic school → ÉDUCATION NATIONALE

2. compounds

► libre arbitre masculine noun free will

• avoir son libre arbitre to have free will ► libre concurrence, libre entreprise feminine noun free enterprise

* * *
libʀ
adjectif

1) gén [personne, condition, pays] free ( de faire to do)

être libre de ses décisions/choix — to be free to decide/choose

libre à elle de partir — it's up to her whether she goes or not

être libre de ses actes — to do as one wishes

2) ( dénué) free (de from)

libre de préjugés — free from prejudice

être libre de soucis — to enjoy peace of mind

3) ( direct) [personne] free and easy; [manière] free; [allure] easy; [opinion] candid; [morale] easygoing

4) ( dégagé) [main, pouce] free; [route, voie] lit, fig clear

avoir les mains libres — lit to have one's hands free; fig to be a free agent

5) ( disponible) [personne, chambre] available; [siège, place] free

‘libre de suite’ — ( dans une annonce) ‘available immediately’

6) ( non occupé) [WC] vacant

la ligne n'est pas libre — ( au téléphone) the number is engaged GB ou busy US

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- libre arbitre

- libre concurrence

- libre entreprise

••

être libre comme l'air — to be as free as a bird

* * *
libʀ adj
1) (homme, femme) free

libre de qch — free from sth

libre de faire — free to do

Tu es libre de faire ce que tu veux. — You are free to do as you wish.

2) (place, chaise) free

Est-ce que cette place est libre? — Is this seat free?

de libre (place) — free

Avez-vous une chambre de libre? — Have you got a free room?

3) (toilettes) vacant

4) (voie) clear

La voie est libre. — The road is clear.

5) fig (propos, manières) open

6) ÉDUCATION (enseignement, institution) private

une école libre — a private school

7) COMMERCE

vente libre — unrestricted sale

en vente libre (médicament) — available over the counter

* * *

libre adj

1 gén [personne, condition, pays] free (de faire to do); être libre de ses décisions/choix to be free to decide/choose; libre à toi de faire it's up to you whether you do; libre à elle de partir it's up to her whether she goes or not; être libre de ses actes to do as one wishes; dans le libre exercice de leurs fonctions in the unrestricted discharge of their duties;

2 ( dénué) free (de from); libre de préjugés free from prejudice; être libre de soucis to enjoy peace of mind; libre d'hypothèque [propriété] free of mortgage;

3 ( direct) [personne] free and easy; [manière] free; [allure] easy; [opinion] candid; [morale] easygoing; être libre avec qn to feel at ease with sb; avoir une conversation très libre to talk in a very relaxed way; être libre dans ses propos/son comportement to talk/behave in an uninhibited fashion;

4 ( dégagé) [main, pouce] free; [route, voie] lit, fig clear; avoir/garder les mains libres lit to have/keep one's hands free; fig to be/remain a free agent; un téléphone avec une option ‘main libre’ a telephone with a hands-free facility;

5 ( disponible) [personne, chambre] available; [place] empty; [siège] free; ‘libre de suite’ ( dans une annonce) [personne, appartement à louer] ‘available immediately’; [appartement à vendre] ‘with immediate vacant possession’;

6 ( non occupé) [WC] vacant; la ligne n'est pas libre ( au téléphone) the number is engaged GB ou busy US.

Composés

libre arbitre Philos free will; avoir son libre arbitre to be possessed of free will; libre concurrence Écon free competition; libre entreprise Écon free enterprise; libre à l'importation Comm, Jur free from import control; libre jouissance Jur free enjoyment.

Idiome

être libre comme l'air to be as free as a bird.

[libr] adjectif

1. [généralement, POLITIQUE] free

à la suite du non-lieu, l'accusé s'est retrouvé libre owing to lack of evidence, the accused found himself a free man again

libre de: il ne me laisse pas libre d'inviter qui je veux he doesn't leave me free to invite who ou whom (soutenu) I please

être libre de ses mouvements to be free to do what one likes

libre à toi/à elle de refuser you're/she's free to say no

j'y vais? — alors là, libre à toi! shall I go? — well, that's entirely up to you ou you're (entirely) free to do as you wish!

être libre comme l'air to be as free as (the) air

2. [disponible - personne, salle] free, available ; [ - poste, siège] vacant, free ; [ - table] free ; [ - toilettes] vacant ; [ - passage] clear

la ligne n'est pas libre [au téléphone] the line is engaged (UK) ou busy (US)

la voie est libre the way is clear

‘libre’ [sur un taxi] ‘for hire’

il faut que j'aie la tête ou l'esprit libre pour prendre une décision I have to have a clear head before I'm able to make a decision

tu as un moment de libre? have you got a minute (to spare)?

êtes-vous libre à déjeuner? are you free for lunch?

j'ai deux après-midi (de) libres par semaine I've got two afternoons off ou two free afternoons a week

[sentimentalement] unattached

je ne suis pas libre I'm already seeing somebody

3. [franc] free, open

je suis très libre avec elle I am quite free (and easy) ou open with her

[désinvolte - personne]

il se montre un peu trop libre avec ses secrétaires he is a bit overfamiliar ou too free with his secretaries

[inconvenant - attitude] free, daring

4. [non réglementé - prix, marché] free, deregulated

l'entrée de l'exposition est libre entrance to the exhibition is free

la libre entreprise free enterprise

par le libre jeu de la concurrence through free competition

5. [privé - radio, télévision] independent ; [ - école, enseignement] private (in France, mostly Catholic)

6. [non imposé - improvisation, style] free

je leur ai donné un sujet libre I gave them a free choice of subject, I left it up to them to choose the subject

escalade libre free climbing

vers libre free verse

7. [non entravé - mouvement, membre] free

8. [non fidèle - traduction, adaptation] free

9. CHIMIE & MATHÉMATIQUES free

10. MÉCANIQUE & TECHNOLOGIE free, disengaged

————————

[libr] adverbe

ça sonne libre ou occupé? is it ringing or engaged (UK) ou busy (US)?

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > libre
7 presentación

f.

1 presentation, show, staging, presentment.

2 presentation, appearance, appearing, showing up.

3 introduction.

4 submission.

Presentación de un documento Submission of a document.

5 presentation, accordance, bestowal, conferral.

6 Presentacion.

* * *

presentación

► nombre femenino

1 (de un objeto, documento, etc) presentation, showing

■ la presentación del carné es imprescindible para entrar passes must be shown to allow access

■ ¿para cuándo es la presentación de la traducción? when do we have to hand in the translation?

2 (de personas) introduction

■ nuestro invitado de hoy no requiere presentación alguna our guest today needs no introduction

3 (de producto - lanzamiento) launching; (- exposición) presentation

4 PLÍTICA (a elecciones) candidature, candidacy

5 (aspecto) presentation

■ la presentación del curriculum tiene que ser excelente your CV must be extremely well presented

6 (de un programa) presentation

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

hacer las presentaciones to do the introductions

presentación en sociedad début

* * *

noun f.

1) presentation

2) debut

3) introduction

* * *

SF

1) [entre personas] introduction

tras las oportunas presentaciones — after the appropriate introductions
carta 1), tarjeta
2) (=introducción) [de personaje, proyecto] presentation; [de producto] launch, presentation; [de campaña] launch

el cantante llevó a cabo la presentación del acto — the singer presented o hosted the event

texto de presentación — introduction

presentación de modelos — fashion parade, fashion show

presentación editorial — [dentro del libro] publisher's foreword; [en contraportada] publisher's blurb

presentación en público — first public appearance, debut

presentación en sociedad — coming out, debut

3) (=concurrencia)

tras su presentación al concurso — after entering the competition

¿cuáles son los motivos de su presentación a las elecciones? — what are your reasons for standing in these elections?

4) (=llegada) turning up

su presentación en mitad de la reunión — her turning up in the middle of the meeting

no entendemos el por qué de su presentación sin avisar — we don't understand why he turned up unannounced

5) (=entrega) submission

la fecha de presentación del escrito — the date the document was submitted, the submission date of the document

la presentación del trabajo tendrá que hacerse antes del día 31 — the work must be submitted before the 31st

el plazo de presentación de solicitudes está ya cerrado — applications are no longer being accepted, the closing date for applications is now past

6) (=muestra) presentation

previa presentación de su carné de socio — on presentation of your membership card

se requiere la presentación de la invitación — invitations must be presented o shown on request

7) (=aspecto) [de persona] appearance; [de comida, producto, trabajo] presentation

se requiere buena presentación a los candidatos — candidates must be of good appearance

8) Chile (=solicitud) petition

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones — he did o made the introductions

b) ( de programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de... — the competition/contest is hosted by...

c) ( primera exposición) presentation (frml), launch

la presentación del libro — the book launch

d) (muestra, entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales — he presented his credentials

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo — the deadline for handing in the work

2) ( aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un producto — the way a product is presented

•

- presentación en sociedad

* * *

= account, display, disposition, exposition, layout, lecture, presentation, presentation, speech, submission, delivery, introduction, look and feel, debriefing, skin, rendition, rendering, rollout [roll-out], viewing, show.

Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex. However, the display of the index entries differs.

Ex. Their main concern was the readable disposition of machine readable records.

Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.

Ex. Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.

Ex. The staff undertake searches and enquiries for the user and educate the user by various ways, from informal discussion to fully prepared lectures.

Ex. KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex. There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.

Ex. For the sake of editorial continuity, those speeches which were given at both locations (for example, Mr. Gorman's presentation) are only printed here once.

Ex. Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.

Ex. Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.

Ex. Frequently, a tour of the library is provided for the new trustee, with introductions to available staff members.

Ex. Paperback publishers know how strong an influence the look and feel of a book can have in attracting or repelling buyers.

Ex. Students will write final essays on their search, and debriefings will be conducted in the classroom.

Ex. Skin technology in Web gateways allows systems to be personalized for grupos of users.

Ex. Librarians find this rendition of the public library story comforting, for it is quite fashionable to be identified with idealistic and humanitarian reform in this country.

Ex. It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

Ex. The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.

Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.

Ex. All interested parties were summoned to further cooperate for the success of the show.

----

* carta de presentación = cover letter, letter of introduction, calling card.

* claridad de presentación = clarity of presentation.

* convocatoria de presentación de artículos = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de candidaturas = call for nominations.

* convocatoria de presentación de comunicaciones = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de ponencias = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de proyectos = call for projects, project plan, call for proposals.

* convocatoria de presentación de solicitudes = call for expressions of interest.

* dispositivo de presentación visual = VDU (Visual Display Unit).

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* formato de presentación con identificadores = labelled format.

* formato de presentación en columnas = tabular format.

* formato de presentación en pantalla = screen display format.

* formato de presentación en papel = hard copy format.

* hacer una presentación = make + presentation, give + a talk, give + a presentation.

* hace una presentación = give + speech.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* página de presentación = home page [homepage].

* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.

* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.

* portada de presentación = home page [homepage].

* presentación anticipada = preview.

* presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* presentación conjunta = packaging.

* presentación de diapositivas = slide show [slideshow].

* presentación de diapositivas con cinta = tape/slide show.

* presentación de informes = reporting.

* presentación de la página = page layout.

* presentación de la sobrecubierta = blurb, jacket blurb.

* presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].

* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.

* presentación de un proyecto de manera convincente = business case.

* presentación en = commitment.

* presentación en línea = online display.

* presentación en pantalla = display, online display.

* presentación en vídeo = video display.

* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.

* presentación mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* presentación multimedia = multimedia presentation, multimedia show.

* presentación oral = oral presentation.

* presentación sistemática = classified display.

* presentación técnica = technical presentation.

* presentación visual = visual presentation.

* relacionado con la presentación de evidencias = evidentiary.

* sesión de presentaciones informales = poster session.

* tarjeta de presentación = business card, calling card, visiting card.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones — he did o made the introductions

b) ( de programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de... — the competition/contest is hosted by...

c) ( primera exposición) presentation (frml), launch

la presentación del libro — the book launch

d) (muestra, entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales — he presented his credentials

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo — the deadline for handing in the work

2) ( aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un producto — the way a product is presented

•

- presentación en sociedad

* * *

= account, display, disposition, exposition, layout, lecture, presentation, presentation, speech, submission, delivery, introduction, look and feel, debriefing, skin, rendition, rendering, rollout [roll-out], viewing, show.

Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.

Ex: However, the display of the index entries differs.

Ex: Their main concern was the readable disposition of machine readable records.

Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.

Ex: Diagrammatic presentation of the layout of the collection conveniently placed, for example, near the entrance.

Ex: The staff undertake searches and enquiries for the user and educate the user by various ways, from informal discussion to fully prepared lectures.

Ex: KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.

Ex: There are two other aspects of institutions I want to consider before moving to the closing section of this presentation.

Ex: For the sake of editorial continuity, those speeches which were given at both locations (for example, Mr. Gorman's presentation) are only printed here once.

Ex: Most commercial abstracting services rely upon the refereeing procedure applied to the original document in order to eliminate insignificant and inaccurate submissions.

Ex: Just as delivery must be tuned to suit the kind of material chosen, so must the language used to tell a story.

Ex: Frequently, a tour of the library is provided for the new trustee, with introductions to available staff members.

Ex: Paperback publishers know how strong an influence the look and feel of a book can have in attracting or repelling buyers.

Ex: Students will write final essays on their search, and debriefings will be conducted in the classroom.

Ex: Skin technology in Web gateways allows systems to be personalized for grupos of users.

Ex: Librarians find this rendition of the public library story comforting, for it is quite fashionable to be identified with idealistic and humanitarian reform in this country.

Ex: It is proposed that a dictionary of personal proper names be compiled as a way to reach uniformity in the rendering of foreign personal names into Russian Cyrillic and back into the Latin alphabet.

Ex: The interview provides a behind-the-scenes look at the company's preparation for the service's official rollout in Summer 2000.

Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.

Ex: All interested parties were summoned to further cooperate for the success of the show.

* carta de presentación = cover letter, letter of introduction, calling card.

* claridad de presentación = clarity of presentation.

* convocatoria de presentación de artículos = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de candidaturas = call for nominations.

* convocatoria de presentación de comunicaciones = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de ponencias = call for papers.

* convocatoria de presentación de proyectos = call for projects, project plan, call for proposals.

* convocatoria de presentación de solicitudes = call for expressions of interest.

* dispositivo de presentación visual = VDU (Visual Display Unit).

* forma de presentación = form of presentation.

* formato de presentación con identificadores = labelled format.

* formato de presentación en columnas = tabular format.

* formato de presentación en pantalla = screen display format.

* formato de presentación en papel = hard copy format.

* hacer una presentación = make + presentation, give + a talk, give + a presentation.

* hace una presentación = give + speech.

* modo de presentación visual = display device.

* nivel de presentación = level of presentation.

* página de presentación = home page [homepage].

* plazo de presentación = call for projects, call for papers.

* plazo de presentación de proyectos = call for proposals.

* portada de presentación = home page [homepage].

* presentación anticipada = preview.

* presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.

* presentación comercial = technical presentation.

* presentación conjunta = packaging.

* presentación de diapositivas = slide show [slideshow].

* presentación de diapositivas con cinta = tape/slide show.

* presentación de informes = reporting.

* presentación de la página = page layout.

* presentación de la sobrecubierta = blurb, jacket blurb.

* presentación de libros = book talk [booktalk/book-talk].

* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.

* presentación de un proyecto de manera convincente = business case.

* presentación en = commitment.

* presentación en línea = online display.

* presentación en pantalla = display, online display.

* presentación en vídeo = video display.

* presentación gráfica de términos permutados = permuted display.

* presentación mediante ordenador = computer projection.

* presentación multimedia = multimedia presentation, multimedia show.

* presentación oral = oral presentation.

* presentación sistemática = classified display.

* presentación técnica = technical presentation.

* presentación visual = visual presentation.

* relacionado con la presentación de evidencias = evidentiary.

* sesión de presentaciones informales = poster session.

* tarjeta de presentación = business card, calling card, visiting card.

* * *

presentación

feminine

A

1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (de personas) introduction

hizo las presentaciones he did o made the introductions, he introduced everybody

2 (de un programa) presentation

la presentación del concurso corre a cargo de Laura Soler Laura Soler hosts o presents the competition

3 (primera exposición) presentation ( frml), launch

la presentación del libro tendrá lugar esta tarde the book launch will take place this evening

se llevó a cabo la presentación pública del avión the rollout of the aircraft took place

4 (entrega) presentation

hizo la presentación de credenciales he presented his credentials

el plazo de presentación de solicitudes termina mañana tomorrow is the last day for submitting applications

el límite de tiempo para la presentación del trabajo the deadline for handing in the work

5 (acción de enseñar) presentation

admisión previa presentación de la invitación admission on presentation of invitation

B (aspecto) presentation

la presentación de un plato es tan importante como su sabor the presentation of a dish o the way a dish is presented is as important as its taste

la presentación de un producto the way a product is presented

Compuesto:

presentación en sociedad

coming out, debut

* * *

presentación sustantivo femenino ( en general) presentation;
( de personas) introduction
presentación sustantivo femenino
1 (de un programa, de pruebas, etc) presentation
2 (de un producto) launch
3 (de personas) introduction
4 (aspecto exterior) presentation, appearance
' presentación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
carta
- escanear
- agilizar
- cuidado
- en
- esmerado
- inmaculado
- poner
- tarjeta
- venir
English:
appearance
- cover letter
- covering
- intro
- introduction
- presentation
- production
- reading
- rerun
- slick
- submission
- trooping
- packaging

* * *

presentación nf

1. [aspecto exterior] presentation;

una presentación muy cuidada [de libro, plato] a very meticulous o careful presentation;
[de persona] an impeccable appearance
Comp
Informát presentación preliminar preview
2. [de dimisión] tendering;
[de tesis, pruebas, propuesta] submission; [de moción] proposal;
mañana concluye el plazo de presentación de candidaturas tomorrow is the last day for submitting applications

3. [entre personas] introduction;

ya me encargo yo de hacer las presentaciones I'll see to making the introductions

4. [de producto, persona] launch, presentation;

la presentación de un libro/disco the launch of a book/record;

la presentación del nuevo jugador tuvo lugar ayer the new player was introduced to the press for the first time yesterday

Comp
presentación en sociedad coming out, debut
5. [de programa]
la presentación del telediario corre a cargo de María Gala the news is presented o read by María Gala

* * *

presentación

f

1 presentation

2 COM launch

3 entre personas introduction

* * *

presentación nf, pl - ciones

1) : presentation

2) : introduction

3) : appearance

* * *

presentación n

1. (en general) presentation

la presentación de un regalo es importante the presentation of a gift is important

2. (de un producto) launch

la presentación de un nuevo disco the launch of a new record

Spanish-English dictionary > presentación
8 come

come [kʌm]

venir ⇒ 1 (a)-(d) se produire ⇒ 1 (e) exister ⇒ 1 (h) devenir ⇒ 1 (i) en venir à ⇒ 1 (j)

(pt came [keɪm], pp come [kʌm])

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move in direction of speaker) venir;

∎ she won't come when she's called elle ne vient pas quand on l'appelle;

∎ here come the children voici les enfants qui arrivent;

∎ here he comes! le voilà qui arrive!;

∎ it's stuck - ah, no, it's coming! c'est coincé - ah, non, ça vient!;

∎ coming! j'arrive!;

∎ come here! venez ici!; (to dog) au pied!;

∎ come to the office tomorrow passez ou venez au bureau demain;

∎ he came to me for advice il est venu me demander conseil;

∎ you've come to the wrong person vous vous adressez à la mauvaise personne;

∎ you've come to the wrong place vous vous êtes trompé de chemin, vous faites fausse route;

∎ if you're looking for sun, you've come to the wrong place si c'est le soleil que vous cherchez, il ne fallait pas venir ici;

∎ come with me (accompany) venez avec moi, accompagnez-moi; (follow) suivez-moi;

∎ please come this way par ici ou suivez-moi s'il vous plaît;

∎ I come this way every week je passe par ici toutes les semaines;

∎ American come and look, come look venez voir;

∎ familiar come and get it! à la soupe!;

∎ he came whistling up the stairs il a monté l'escalier en sifflant;

∎ a car came hurtling round the corner une voiture a pris le virage à toute vitesse;

∎ to come and go (gen) aller et venir; figurative (pains, cramps etc) être intermittent;

∎ people are constantly coming and going il y a un va-et-vient continuel;

∎ fashions come and go la mode change tout le temps;

∎ after many years had come and gone après bien des années;

∎ familiar I don't know whether I'm coming or going je ne sais pas où j'en suis;

∎ you have come a long way vous êtes venu de loin; figurative (made progress) vous avez fait du chemin;

∎ the computer industry has come a very long way since then l'informatique a fait énormément de progrès depuis ce temps-là;

∎ also figurative to come running arriver en courant;

∎ we could see him coming a mile off on l'a vu venir avec ses gros sabots;

∎ figurative you could see it coming on l'a vu venir de loin, c'était prévisible;

∎ proverb everything comes to him who waits tout vient à point à qui sait attendre

(b) (as guest, visitor) venir;

∎ can you come to my party on Saturday night? est-ce que tu peux venir à ma soirée samedi?;

∎ I'm sorry, I can't come (je suis) désolé, je ne peux pas venir;

∎ would you like to come for lunch/dinner? voulez-vous venir déjeuner/dîner?;

∎ I can only come for an hour or so je ne pourrai venir que pour une heure environ;

∎ come for a ride in the car viens faire un tour en voiture;

∎ she's come for her money elle est venue prendre son argent;

∎ I've got people coming (short stay) j'ai des invités; (long stay) il y a des gens qui viennent;

∎ Angela came and we had a chat Angela est venue et on a bavardé;

∎ they came for a week and stayed a month ils sont venus pour une semaine et ils sont restés un mois;

∎ he couldn't have come at a worse time il n'aurait pas pu tomber plus mal

(c) (arrive) venir, arriver;

∎ to come in time/late arriver à temps/en retard;

∎ I've just come from the post office j'arrive de la poste à l'instant;

∎ we came to a small town nous sommes arrivés dans une petite ville;

∎ the time has come to tell the truth le moment est venu de dire la vérité;

∎ to come to the end of sth arriver à la fin de qch;

∎ I was coming to the end of my stay mon séjour touchait à sa fin;

∎ there will come a point when… il viendra un moment où…;

∎ when you come to the last coat of paint… quand tu en seras à la dernière couche de peinture…;

∎ (reach) her hair comes (down) to her waist ses cheveux lui arrivent à la taille;

∎ the mud came (up) to our knees la boue nous arrivait ou venait (jusqu') aux genoux

(d) (occupy specific place, position) venir, se trouver;

∎ the address comes above the date l'adresse se met au-dessus de la date;

∎ my birthday comes before yours mon anniversaire vient avant ou précède le tien;

∎ a colonel comes before a lieutenant un colonel a la préséance sur un lieutenant;

∎ Friday comes after Thursday vendredi vient après ou suit jeudi;

∎ that speech comes in Act 3/on page 10 on trouve ce discours dans l'acte 3/à la page 10;

∎ the fireworks come next le feu d'artifice est après;

∎ what comes after the performance? qu'est-ce qu'il y a après la représentation?

(e) (occur, happen) arriver, se produire;

∎ when my turn comes, when it comes to my turn quand ce sera (à) mon tour, quand mon tour viendra;

∎ such an opportunity only comes once in your life une telle occasion ne se présente qu'une fois dans la vie;

∎ he has a birthday coming son anniversaire approche;

∎ there's a storm coming un orage se prépare;

∎ success was a long time coming la réussite s'est fait attendre;

∎ take life as it comes prenez la vie comme elle vient;

∎ Christmas comes but once a year il n'y a qu'un Noël par an;

∎ Bible it came to pass that… il advint que…;

∎ come what may advienne que pourra, quoi qu'il arrive ou advienne

(f) (occur to the mind)

∎ the idea just came to me one day l'idée m'est soudain venue un jour;

∎ suddenly it came to me (I remembered) tout d'un coup, je m'en suis souvenu; (I had an idea) tout d'un coup, j'ai eu une idée;

∎ I said the first thing that came into my head or that came to mind j'ai dit la première chose qui m'est venue à l'esprit;

∎ the answer came to her elle a trouvé la réponse

(g) (be experienced in a specified way)

∎ writing comes naturally to her écrire lui est facile, elle est douée pour l'écriture;

∎ a house doesn't come cheap une maison coûte ou revient cher;

∎ the news came as a shock to her la nouvelle lui a fait un choc;

∎ her visit came as a surprise sa visite nous a beaucoup surpris;

∎ it comes as no surprise to learn he's gone (le fait) qu'il soit parti n'a rien de surprenant;

∎ he's as silly as they come il est sot comme pas un;

∎ they don't come any tougher than Big Al on ne fait pas plus fort que Big Al;

∎ it'll all come right in the end tout cela va finir par s'arranger;

∎ the harder they come the harder they fall plus dure sera la chute

(h) (be available) exister;

∎ this table comes in two sizes cette table existe ou se fait en deux dimensions;

∎ the dictionary comes with a magnifying glass le dictionnaire est livré avec une loupe

(i) (become) devenir;

∎ it was a dream come true c'était un rêve devenu réalité;

∎ to come unhooked se décrocher;

∎ to come unravelled se défaire;

∎ the buttons on my coat keep coming undone mon manteau se déboutonne toujours

(j) (+ infinitive) (indicating gradual action) en venir à, finir par; (indicating chance) arriver;

∎ she came to trust him elle en est venue à ou elle a fini par lui faire confiance;

∎ we have come to expect this kind of thing nous nous attendons à ce genre de chose maintenant;

∎ how did you come to lose your umbrella? comment as-tu fait pour perdre ton parapluie?;

∎ how did the door come to be open? comment se fait-il que la porte soit ouverte?;

∎ (now that I) come to think of it maintenant que j'y songe, réflexion faite;

∎ it's not much money when you come to think of it ce n'est pas beaucoup d'argent quand vous y réfléchissez

(k) (be owing, payable)

∎ I still have £5 coming (to me) on me doit encore 5 livres;

∎ there'll be money coming from her uncle's will elle va toucher l'argent du testament de son oncle;

∎ he got all the credit coming to him il a eu tous les honneurs qu'il méritait;

∎ familiar you'll get what's coming to you tu l'auras cherché ou voulu;

∎ familiar he had it coming (to him) il ne l'a pas volé

(l) (appear)

∎ a smile came to her lips un sourire parut sur ses lèvres ou lui vint aux lèvres

(m) very familiar (have orgasm) jouir

(n) (idioms)

∎ how come? comment ça?;

∎ familiar come again? quoi?;

∎ American how's it coming? comment ça va?;

∎ come to that à propos, au fait;

∎ I haven't seen her in weeks, or her husband, come to that ça fait des semaines que je ne l'ai pas vue, son mari non plus d'ailleurs;

∎ if it comes to that, I'd rather stay home à ce moment-là ou à ce compte-là, je préfère rester à la maison;

∎ don't come the fine lady with me! ne fais pas la grande dame ou ne joue pas à la grande dame avec moi!;

∎ don't come the innocent! ne fais pas l'innocent!;

∎ British familiar you're coming it a bit strong! tu y vas un peu fort!;

∎ British familiar don't come it with me! (try to impress) n'essaie pas de m'en mettre plein la vue!; (lord it over) pas la peine d'être si hautain avec moi!;

∎ the days to come les prochains jours, les jours qui viennent;

∎ the battle to come la bataille qui va avoir lieu;

∎ Religion the life to come l'autre vie;

∎ in times to come à l'avenir;

∎ for some time to come pendant quelque temps;

∎ that will not be for some time to come ce ne sera pas avant quelque temps

2 preposition

∎ (by) come tomorrow/Tuesday you'll feel better vous vous sentirez mieux demain/mardi;

∎ I'll have been here two years come April ça fera deux ans en avril que je suis là;

∎ come the revolution you'll all be out of a job avec la révolution, vous vous retrouverez tous au chômage

3 exclamation

∎ come, come!, come now! allons!, voyons!

4 noun

vulgar (semen) foutre m

➲ come about intransitive verb

(a) (occur) arriver, se produire;

∎ it came about that… il arriva ou il advint que…;

∎ how could such a mistake come about? comment une telle erreur a-t-elle pu se produire?;

∎ the discovery of penicillin came about quite by accident la pénicilline a été découverte tout à fait par hasard

(b) Nautical (wind) tourner, changer de direction; (ship) virer de bord

➲ come across

1 intransitive verb

(a) (walk, travel across → field, street) traverser;

∎ as we stood talking she came across to join us pendant que nous discutions, elle est venue se joindre à nous

(b) (create specified impression)

∎ to come across well/badly (at interview) faire une bonne/mauvaise impression, bien/mal passer; (on TV) bien/mal passer;

∎ he never comes across as well on film as in the theatre il passe mieux au théâtre qu'à l'écran;

∎ he came across as a total idiot il donnait l'impression d'être complètement idiot

(c) (be communicated effectively)

∎ the author's message comes across well le message de l'auteur passe bien;

∎ her disdain for his work came across le mépris qu'elle avait pour son travail transparaissait

(d) familiar (do as promised) s'exécuter^□, tenir parole^□

2 inseparable transitive verb

(person) rencontrer par hasard, tomber sur; (thing) trouver par hasard, tomber sur;

∎ we came across an interesting problem on a été confrontés à ou on est tombés sur un problème intéressant;

∎ she reads everything she comes across elle lit tout ce qui lui tombe sous la main

➲ come across with inseparable transitive verb

familiar (give → information) donner^□, fournir^□ ; (→ help) offrir^□ ; (→ money) raquer, se fendre de;

∎ he came across with the money he owed me il m'a filé le fric qu'il me devait;

∎ the crook came across with the names of his accomplices l'escroc a vendu ses complices

➲ come after inseparable transitive verb

(pursue) poursuivre;

∎ he came after me with a stick il m'a poursuivi avec un bâton

➲ come along intransitive verb

(a) (encouraging, urging)

∎ come along, drink your medicine! allez, prends ou bois ton médicament!;

∎ come along, we're late! dépêche-toi, nous sommes en retard!

(b) (accompany) venir, accompagner;

∎ she asked me to come along (with them) elle m'a invité à aller avec eux ou à les accompagner

(c) (occur, happen) arriver, se présenter;

∎ an opportunity like this doesn't come along often une telle occasion ne se présente pas souvent;

∎ don't accept the first job that comes along ne prenez pas le premier travail qui se présente;

∎ he married the first woman that came along il a épousé la première venue

(d) (progress) avancer, faire des progrès; (grow) pousser;

∎ the patient is coming along well le patient se remet bien;

∎ the work isn't coming along as expected le travail n'avance pas comme prévu;

∎ how's your computer class coming along? comment va ton cours d'informatique?

➲ come apart intransitive verb

(object → come to pieces) se démonter; (→ break) se casser; (project, policy) échouer;

∎ to come apart at the seams (garment) se défaire aux coutures;

∎ the book came apart in my hands le livre est tombé en morceaux quand je l'ai pris;

∎ figurative under pressure he came apart sous la pression il a craqué

➲ come around = come round

➲ come at inseparable transitive verb

(attack) attaquer, se jeter sur;

∎ he came at me with a knife il s'est jeté sur moi avec un couteau;

∎ figurative questions came at me from all sides j'ai été assailli de questions

➲ come away intransitive verb

(a) (leave) partir, s'en aller;

∎ come away from that door! écartez-vous de cette porte!;

∎ I came away with the distinct impression that all was not well je suis reparti avec la forte impression que quelque chose n'allait pas;

∎ he asked her to come away with him (elope) il lui a demandé de s'enfuir avec lui; British (go on holiday) il lui a demandé de partir avec lui

(b) (separate) partir, se détacher;

∎ the page came away in my hands la page m'est restée dans les mains

➲ come back intransitive verb

(a) (return) revenir;

∎ he came back with me il est revenu avec moi;

∎ to come back home rentrer (à la maison);

∎ figurative the colour came back to her cheeks elle reprit des couleurs;

∎ we'll come back to that question later nous reviendrons à cette question plus tard;

∎ to come back to what we were saying pour en revenir à ce que nous disions

(b) (to memory)

∎ it's all coming back to me tout cela me revient (à l'esprit ou à la mémoire);

∎ her name will come back to me later son nom me reviendra plus tard

(c) (reply) répondre; American (retort) rétorquer, répliquer;

∎ they came back with an argument in favour of the project ils ont répondu par un argument en faveur du projet

(d) (recover) remonter;

∎ he came back strongly in the second set il a bien remonté au deuxième set;

∎ they came back from 3-0 down ils ont remonté de 3 à 0

(e) (become fashionable again) revenir à la mode; (make comeback) faire un come-back

➲ come before inseparable transitive verb

Law (of person) comparaître devant; (of case) être entendu par

➲ come between inseparable transitive verb

brouiller, éloigner;

∎ he came between her and her friend il l'a brouillée avec son amie, il l'a éloignée de son amie;

∎ we mustn't let a small disagreement come between us nous n'allons pas nous disputer à cause d'un petit malentendu

➲ come by

1 intransitive verb

(stop by) passer, venir

2 inseparable transitive verb

(acquire → work, money) obtenir, se procurer; (→ idea) se faire;

∎ jobs are hard to come by il est difficile de trouver du travail;

∎ how did you come by this camera/those bruises? comment as-tu fait pour avoir cet appareil-photo/ces bleus?;

∎ how did she come by all that money? comment s'est-elle procuré tout cet argent?;

∎ how on earth did he come by that idea? où est-il allé chercher cette idée?

➲ come down

1 inseparable transitive verb

(descend → ladder, stairs) descendre; (→ mountain) descendre, faire la descente de

2 intransitive verb

(a) (descend → from ladder, stairs) descendre; (→ from mountain etc) descendre, faire la descente; (plane → crash) s'écraser; (→ land) atterrir;

∎ to come down to breakfast descendre déjeuner ou prendre le petit déjeuner;

∎ come down from that tree! descends de cet arbre!;

∎ they came down to Paris ils sont descendus à Paris;

∎ hem-lines are coming down this year les jupes rallongent cette année;

∎ he's come down in the world il a déchu;

∎ you'd better come down to earth tu ferais bien de revenir sur terre ou de descendre des nues

(b) (fall) tomber;

∎ rain was coming down in sheets il pleuvait des cordes;

∎ the ceiling came down le plafond s'est effondré

(c) (reach) descendre;

∎ the dress comes down to my ankles la robe descend jusqu'à mes chevilles;

∎ her hair came down to her waist les cheveux lui tombaient ou descendaient jusqu'à la taille

(d) (decrease) baisser;

∎ he's ready to come down 10 percent on the price il est prêt à rabattre ou baisser le prix de 10 pour cent

(e) (be passed down) être transmis (de père en fils);

∎ this custom comes down from the Romans cette coutume nous vient des Romains;

∎ the necklace came down to her from her great-aunt elle tient ce collier de sa grand-tante

(f) (reach a decision) se prononcer;

∎ the majority came down in favour of/against abortion la majorité s'est prononcée en faveur de/contre l'avortement;

∎ to come down on sb's side décider en faveur de qn

(g) (be removed) être défait ou décroché;

∎ that wallpaper will have to come down il va falloir enlever ce papier peint;

∎ the Christmas decorations are coming down today aujourd'hui, on enlève les décorations de Noël;

∎ the tree will have to come down (be felled) il faut abattre cet arbre;

∎ these houses are coming down soon on va bientôt démolir ces maisons

(h) British University obtenir son diplôme

(i) familiar drugs slang redescendre

➲ come down on inseparable transitive verb

(a) (rebuke) s'en prendre à;

∎ the boss came down hard on him le patron lui a passé un de ces savons;

∎ one mistake and he'll come down on you like a ton of bricks si tu fais la moindre erreur, il te tombera sur le dos

(b) familiar (pressurize)

∎ they came down on me to sell the land ils ont essayé de me faire vendre le terrain^□

➲ come down to inseparable transitive verb

(amount) se réduire à, se résumer à;

∎ it all comes down to what you want to do tout cela dépend de ce que vous souhaitez faire;

∎ it all comes down to the same thing tout cela revient au même;

∎ that's what his argument comes down to voici à quoi se réduit son raisonnement

➲ come down with inseparable transitive verb

(become ill) attraper;

∎ he came down with a cold il s'est enrhumé, il a attrapé un rhume

➲ come forward intransitive verb

(present oneself) se présenter;

∎ more women are coming forward as candidates davantage de femmes présentent leur candidature;

∎ the police have appealed for witnesses to come forward la police a demandé aux témoins de se faire connaître

➲ come forward with inseparable transitive verb

(offer)

∎ the townspeople came forward with supplies les habitants de la ville ont offert des provisions;

∎ he came forward with a new proposal il a fait une nouvelle proposition;

∎ Law to come forward with evidence présenter des preuves

➲ come from inseparable transitive verb

venir;

∎ she comes from China elle vient ou elle est originaire de Chine;

∎ to come from a good family être issu ou venir d'une bonne famille;

∎ this word comes from Latin ce mot vient du latin;

∎ this wine comes from the south of France ce vin vient du sud de la France;

∎ this passage comes from one of his novels ce passage est extrait ou provient d'un de ses romans;

∎ that's surprising coming from him c'est étonnant de sa part;

∎ a sob came from his throat un sanglot s'est échappé de sa gorge;

∎ familiar I'm not sure where he's coming from je ne sais pas très bien ce qui le motive^□

➲ come in intransitive verb

(a) (enter) entrer; (come inside) rentrer;

∎ come in! entrez!;

∎ they came in through the window ils sont entrés par la fenêtre;

∎ come in now, children, it's getting dark rentrez maintenant, les enfants, il commence à faire nuit;

∎ British familiar Mrs Brown comes in twice a week (to clean) Madame Brown vient (faire le ménage) deux fois par semaine

(b) (plane, train) arriver

(c) (in competition) arriver;

∎ she came in second elle est arrivée deuxième

(d) (be received → money, contributions) rentrer;

∎ there isn't enough money coming in to cover expenditure l'argent qui rentre ne suffit pas à couvrir les dépenses;

∎ how much do you have coming in every week? combien touchez-vous ou encaissez-vous chaque semaine?

(e) Press (news, report) être reçu;

∎ news is just coming in of a riot in Red Square on nous annonce à l'instant des émeutes sur la place Rouge

(f) Radio & Television (begin to speak) parler;

∎ come in car number 1, over j'appelle voiture 1, à vous;

∎ come in Barry Stewart from New York à vous, Barry Stewart à New York

(g) (become seasonable) être de saison; (become fashionable) entrer en vogue;

∎ when do endives come in? quand commence la saison des endives?;

∎ leather has come in le cuir est à la mode ou en vogue

(h) (prove to be)

∎ to come in handy or useful (tool, gadget) être utile ou commode; (contribution) arriver à point;

∎ these gloves come in handy or useful for driving ces gants sont bien commodes ou utiles pour conduire

(i) (be involved) être impliqué; (participate) participer, intervenir;

∎ where do I come in? quel est mon rôle là-dedans?;

∎ this is where the law comes in c'est là que la loi intervient;

∎ he should come in on the deal il devrait participer à l'opération;

∎ I'd like to come in on this (conversation) j'aimerais dire quelques mots là-dessus ou à ce sujet

(j) (tide) monter

➲ come in for inseparable transitive verb

(be object of → abuse, reproach) subir;

∎ to come in for criticism être critiqué, être l'objet de critiques;

∎ the government came in for a lot of criticism over its handling of the crisis le gouvernement a été très critiqué pour la façon dont il gère la crise;

∎ to come in for praise être félicité

➲ come in on inseparable transitive verb

(be given a part in) prendre part à;

∎ they let him come in on the deal ils l'ont laissé prendre part à l'affaire

➲ come into inseparable transitive verb

(a) (inherit) hériter de; (acquire) entrer en possession de;

∎ to come into some money (inherit it) faire un héritage; (win it) gagner le gros lot;

∎ they came into a fortune (won) ils ont gagné une fortune; (inherited) ils ont hérité d'une fortune

(b) (play a role in) jouer un rôle;

∎ it's not simply a matter of pride, though pride does come into it ce n'est pas une simple question de fierté, bien que la fierté joue un certain rôle;

∎ money doesn't come into it! l'argent n'a rien à voir là-dedans!

➲ come of inseparable transitive verb

résulter de;

∎ what will come of it? qu'en adviendra-t-il?, qu'en résultera-t-il?;

∎ no good will come from or of it ça ne mènera à rien de bon, il n'en résultera rien de bon;

∎ let me know what comes of the meeting faites-moi savoir ce qui ressortira de la réunion;

∎ that's what comes from listening to you! voilà ce qui arrive quand on vous écoute!

➲ come off

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (fall off → of rider) tomber de; (→ of button) se détacher de, se découdre de; (→ of handle, label) se détacher de; (of tape, wallpaper) se détacher de, se décoller de; (be removed → of stain, mark) partir de, s'enlever de

(b) (stop taking → drug, medicine) arrêter de prendre; (→ drink) arrêter de boire;

∎ to come off the pill arrêter (de prendre) la pilule

(c) (climb down from, leave → wall, ladder etc) descendre de;

∎ to come off a ship/plane débarquer d'un navire/d'un avion;

∎ I've just come off the night shift (finished work) je viens de quitter l'équipe de nuit; (finished working nights) je viens de finir le travail de nuit

(d) Football (field) sortir de

(e) familiar (idiom)

∎ oh, come off it! allez, arrête ton char!

2 intransitive verb

(a) (rider) tomber; (button) se détacher, se découdre; (handle, label) se détacher; (stain, mark) partir, s'enlever; (tape, wallpaper) se détacher, se décoller;

∎ the handle came off in his hand la poignée lui est restée dans la main

(b) Football (leave the field) sortir

(c) (fare, manage) s'en sortir, se tirer de;

∎ you came off well in the competition tu t'en es bien tiré au concours;

∎ to come off best gagner

(d) familiar (happen) avoir lieu^□, se passer^□ ; (be carried through) se réaliser^□ ; (succeed) réussir^□ ;

∎ did the game come off all right? le match s'est bien passé?;

∎ my trip to China didn't come off mon voyage en Chine n'a pas eu lieu;

∎ his plan didn't come off son projet est tombé à l'eau

(e) Cinema & Theatre (film, play) fermer

(f) very familiar (have orgasm) décharger

➲ come on intransitive verb

(a) (follow) suivre;

∎ I'll come on after (you) je vous suivrai

(b) (in imperative) come on! (with motion, encouraging, challenging) vas-y!, allez!; (hurry) allez!; familiar (expressing incredulity) tu rigoles!;

∎ come on Scotland! allez l'Écosse!;

∎ come on in/up! entre/monte donc!;

∎ oh, come on, for goodness sake! allez, arrête!

(c) (progress) avancer, faire des progrès; (grow) pousser, venir bien;

∎ how is your work coming on? où en est votre travail?;

∎ my roses are coming on nicely mes rosiers se portent bien;

∎ her new book is coming on quite well son nouveau livre avance bien;

∎ he's coming on in physics il fait des progrès en physique

(d) (begin → illness) se déclarer; (→ storm) survenir, éclater; (→ season) arriver;

∎ as night came on quand la nuit a commençé à tomber;

∎ it's coming on to rain il va pleuvoir;

∎ I feel a headache/cold coming on je sens un mal de tête qui commence/que je m'enrhume

(e) (start functioning → electricity, gas, heater, lights, radio) s'allumer; (→ motor) se mettre en marche; (→ utilities at main) être mis en service;

∎ has the water come on? y a-t-il de l'eau?

(f) (behave, act)

∎ don't come on all macho with me! ne joue pas les machos avec moi!;

∎ familiar you came on a bit strong tu y es allé un peu fort

(g) Theatre (actor) entrer en scène; (play) être joué ou représenté;

∎ his new play is coming on on va donner sa nouvelle pièce

(h) British familiar (start menstruating) avoir ses ragnagnas

➲ come on to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (proceed to consider) aborder, passer à;

∎ I want to come on to the issue of epidemics je veux passer à la question des épidémies

(b) familiar (flirt with) draguer;

∎ she was coming on to me in a big way elle me draguait à fond

➲ come out intransitive verb

(a) (exit, go out socially) sortir;

∎ as we came out of the theatre au moment où nous sommes sortis du théâtre;

∎ would you like to come out with me tonight? est-ce que tu veux sortir avec moi ce soir?;

∎ figurative if he'd only come out of himself or out of his shell si seulement il sortait de sa coquille

(b) (make appearance → stars, sun) paraître, se montrer; (→ flowers) sortir, éclore; figurative (→ book) paraître, être publié; (→ film) paraître, sortir; (→ new product) sortir;

∎ to come out in a rash (person) se couvrir de boutons, avoir une éruption;

∎ his nasty side came out sa méchanceté s'est manifestée;

∎ I didn't mean it the way it came out ce n'est pas ce que je voulais dire

(c) (be revealed → news, secret) être divulgué ou révélé; (→ facts, truth) émerger, se faire jour;

∎ as soon as the news came out dès qu'on a su la nouvelle, dès que la nouvelle a été annoncée

(d) (be removed → stain) s'enlever, partir; (colour → fade) passer, se faner; (→ run) déteindre;

∎ when do your stitches come out? quand est-ce qu'on t'enlève tes fils?

(e) (declare oneself publicly) se déclarer;

∎ to come out strongly (for/against) se prononcer avec vigueur (pour/contre);

∎ the governor came out against/for abortion le gouverneur s'est prononcé (ouvertement) contre/pour l'avortement;

∎ familiar to come out (of the closet) (homosexual) révéler (publiquement) son homosexualité^□, faire son come-out

(f) British (on strike) se mettre en ou faire grève

(g) (emerge, finish up) se tirer d'affaire, s'en sortir; (in competition) se classer;

∎ the government came out of the deal badly le gouvernement s'est mal sorti de l'affaire;

∎ everything will come out fine tout va s'arranger;

∎ I came out top in maths j'étais premier en maths;

∎ to come out on top gagner

(h) (go into society) faire ses débuts ou débuter dans le monde

(i) Mathematics (yield solution)

∎ this sum won't come out je n'arrive pas à résoudre cette opération

(j) Photography

∎ the pictures came out well/badly les photos étaient très bonnes/n'ont rien donné;

∎ the house didn't come out well la maison n'est pas très bien sur les photos

(k) Computing (exit) sortir;

∎ to come out of a document sortir d'un document

➲ come out at inseparable transitive verb

(amount to) s'élever à

➲ come out in inseparable transitive verb

∎ to come out in spots or a rash avoir une éruption de boutons

➲ come out with inseparable transitive verb

(say) dire, sortir;

∎ what will he come out with next? qu'est-ce qu'il va nous sortir encore?;

∎ he finally came out with it il a fini par le sortir

➲ come over

1 intransitive verb

(a) (move, travel in direction of speaker) venir;

∎ at the party she came over to talk to me pendant la soirée, elle est venue me parler;

∎ do you want to come over this evening? tu veux venir à la maison ce soir?;

∎ his family came over with the early settlers sa famille est arrivée ou venue avec les premiers pionniers;

∎ I met him in the plane coming over je l'ai rencontré dans l'avion en venant

(b) (stop by) venir, passer

(c) (change sides)

∎ they came over to our side ils sont passés de notre côté;

∎ he finally came over to their way of thinking il a fini par se ranger à leur avis

(d) (make specified impression)

∎ her speech came over well son discours a fait bon effet ou bonne impression;

∎ he came over as honest il a donné l'impression d'être honnête;

∎ he doesn't come over well on television il ne passe pas bien à la télévision;

∎ her voice comes over well sa voix passe ou rend bien

(e) familiar (feel) devenir^□ ;

∎ he came over all funny (felt ill) il s'est senti mal tout d'un coup, il a eu un malaise; (behaved oddly) il est devenu tout bizarre;

∎ to come over dizzy être pris de vertige;

∎ to come over faint être pris d'une faiblesse

2 inseparable transitive verb

affecter, envahir;

∎ a change came over him un changement se produisit en lui;

∎ a feeling of fear came over him il a été saisi de peur, la peur s'est emparée de lui;

∎ what has come over him? qu'est-ce qui lui prend?

➲ come round intransitive verb

(a) (make a detour) faire le détour;

∎ we came round by the factory nous sommes passés par ou nous avons fait le détour par l'usine

(b) (stop by) passer, venir

(c) (occur → regular event)

∎ don't wait for Christmas to come round n'attendez pas Noël;

∎ when the championships/elections come round au moment des championnats/élections;

∎ the summer holidays will soon be coming round again bientôt, ce sera de nouveau les grandes vacances

(d) (change mind) changer d'avis;

∎ he finally came round to our way of thinking il a fini par se ranger à notre avis;

∎ they soon came round to the idea ils se sont faits à cette idée;

∎ (change to better mood) don't worry, she'll soon come round ne t'en fais pas, elle sera bientôt de meilleure humeur

(e) (recover consciousness) reprendre connaissance, revenir à soi; (get better) se remettre, se rétablir;

∎ she's coming round after a bout of pneumonia elle se remet d'une pneumonie

(f) Nautical venir au vent

➲ come through

1 intransitive verb

(a) (be communicated)

∎ his sense of conviction came through on voyait qu'il était convaincu;

∎ her enthusiasm comes through in her letters son enthousiasme se lit dans ses lettres;

∎ your call is coming through je vous passe votre communication;

∎ you're coming through loud and clear je vous reçois cinq sur cinq;

∎ figurative his message came through loud and clear son message a été reçu cinq sur cinq

(b) (be granted, approved) se réaliser;

∎ did your visa come through? avez-vous obtenu votre visa?;

∎ my request for a transfer came through ma demande de mutation a été acceptée

(c) (survive) survivre, s'en tirer

(d) American familiar (do what is expected)

∎ he came through for us il a fait ce qu'on attendait de lui^□ ;

∎ did he come through on his promise? a-t-il tenu parole?^□ ;

∎ they came through with the documents ils ont fourni les documents^□ ;

∎ he came through with the money il a rendu l'argent comme prévu^□

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (cross) traverser; figurative (penetrate) traverser;

∎ we came through marshland nous sommes passés par ou avons traversé des marais;

∎ the rain came through my coat la pluie a traversé mon manteau;

∎ water is coming through the roof l'eau s'infiltre par le toit

(b) (survive)

∎ they came through the accident without a scratch ils sont sortis de l'accident indemnes;

∎ I'm sure you will come through this crisis je suis sûr que tu te sortiras de cette crise;

∎ she came through the exam with flying colours elle a réussi l'examen avec brio

➲ come to

1 intransitive verb

(a) (recover consciousness) reprendre connaissance, revenir à soi

(b) Nautical (change course) venir au vent, lofer; (stop) s'arrêter

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (concern)

∎ when it comes to physics, she's a genius pour ce qui est de la physique, c'est un génie;

∎ when it comes to paying you can't see anyone for dust quand il faut payer, il n'y a plus personne

(b) (amount to) s'élever à, se monter à;

∎ how much did dinner come to? à combien s'élevait le dîner?;

∎ her salary comes to £750 a month elle gagne 750 livres par mois;

∎ the plan never came to anything le projet n'a abouti à rien;

∎ that nephew of yours will never come to anything ton neveu n'arrivera jamais à rien

(c) figurative (arrive at, reach)

∎ now we come to questions of health nous en venons maintenant aux questions de santé;

∎ he got what was coming to him il n'a eu que ce qu'il méritait;

∎ to come to a conclusion arriver à une conclusion;

∎ to come to power accéder au pouvoir;

∎ what is the world or what are things coming to? où va-t-on ?;

∎ what are things coming to when there aren't even enough hospital beds available? où va-t-on s'il n'y a pas assez de lits dans les hôpitaux?;

∎ I never thought it would come to this je ne me doutais pas qu'on en arriverait là;

∎ let's hope it won't come to that espérons que nous n'en arrivions pas là

➲ come together intransitive verb

(a) (assemble) se réunir, se rassembler; (meet) se rencontrer;

∎ the two roads come together at this point les deux routes se rejoignent à cet endroit

(b) familiar (combine successfully)

∎ everything came together at the final performance tout s'est passé à merveille pour la dernière représentation^□

➲ come under inseparable transitive verb

(a) (be subjected to → authority, control) dépendre de; (→ influence) tomber sous, être soumis à;

∎ the government is coming under pressure to lower taxes le gouvernement subit des pressions visant à réduire les impôts

(b) (be classified under) être classé sous;

∎ that subject comes under "current events" ce sujet est classé ou se trouve sous la rubrique "actualités"

➲ come up intransitive verb

(a) (move upwards) monter; (moon, sun) se lever

(b) (travel in direction of speaker)

∎ I come up to town every Monday je viens en ville tous les lundis;

∎ they came up to Chicago ils sont venus à Chicago;

∎ to come up for air (diver) remonter à la surface; figurative (take break) faire une pause;

∎ she came up the hard way elle a réussi à la force du poignet;

∎ Military an officer who came up through the ranks un officier sorti du rang

(c) (approach) s'approcher;

∎ to come up to sb s'approcher de qn, aborder qn;

∎ the students came up to him with their questions les étudiants sont venus le voir avec leurs questions;

∎ it's coming up to five o'clock il est presque cinq heures;

∎ coming up now on Channel 4, the seven o'clock news et maintenant, sur Channel 4, le journal de sept heures;

∎ familiar one coffee, coming up! et un café, un!

(d) (plant) sortir, germer;

∎ my beans are coming up nicely mes haricots poussent bien

(e) (come under consideration → matter) être soulevé, être mis sur le tapis; (→ question, problem) se poser, être soulevé; Law (→ accused) comparaître; (→ case) être entendu;

∎ that problem has never come up ce problème ne s'est jamais posé;

∎ the question of financing always comes up la question du financement se pose toujours;

∎ the subject came up twice in the conversation le sujet est revenu deux fois dans la conversation;

∎ your name came up twice on a mentionné votre nom deux fois;

∎ she comes up for re-election this year son mandat prend fin cette année;

∎ my contract is coming up for review mon contrat doit être révisé;

∎ to come up before the judge or the court (accused) comparaître devant le juge; (case) être entendu par la cour;

∎ her case comes up next Wednesday elle passe au tribunal mercredi prochain

(f) (happen unexpectedly → event) survenir, surgir; (→ opportunity) se présenter;

∎ to deal with problems as they come up traiter les problèmes au fur et à mesure;

∎ she's ready for anything that might come up elle est prête à faire face à toute éventualité;

∎ I can't make it, something has come up je ne peux pas venir, j'ai un empêchement;

∎ I'll let you know if anything comes up (if I find further information) s'il y a du nouveau, je vous tiendrai au courant; (anything that is suitable) je vous tiendrai au courant si je vois quelque chose qui vous convienne

(g) (intensify → wind) se lever; (→ light) s'allumer; (→ sound) s'intensifier;

∎ when the lights came up at the interval lorsque les lumières se rallumèrent à l'entracte

(h) (be vomited)

∎ everything she eats comes up (again) elle vomit ou rejette tout ce qu'elle mange

(i) (colour, wood etc)

∎ the colour comes up well when it's cleaned la couleur revient bien au nettoyage

(j) familiar (win) gagner^□ ;

∎ did their number come up? (in lottery) ont-ils gagné au loto?; figurative est-ce qu'ils ont touché le gros lot?

(k) familiar drugs slang (after taking drugs) décoller

➲ come up against inseparable transitive verb

(be confronted with) rencontrer;

∎ they came up against some tough competition ils se sont heurtés à des concurrents redoutables

➲ come upon inseparable transitive verb

(find unexpectedly → person) rencontrer par hasard, tomber sur; (→ object) trouver par hasard, tomber sur;

∎ we came upon the couple just as they were kissing nous avons surpris le couple en train de s'embrasser

➲ come up to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (reach) arriver à;

∎ the mud came up to their knees la boue leur montait ou arrivait jusqu'aux genoux;

∎ she comes up to his shoulder elle lui arrive à l'épaule;

∎ we're coming up to the halfway mark nous atteindrons bientôt la moitié

(b) (equal)

∎ his last book doesn't come up to the others son dernier livre ne vaut pas les autres;

∎ to come up to sb's expectations répondre à l'attente de qn;

∎ the play didn't come up to our expectations la pièce nous a déçus

➲ come up with inseparable transitive verb

(offer, propose → money, loan) fournir; (think of → plan, suggestion) suggérer, proposer; (→ answer) trouver; (→ excuse) trouver, inventer;

∎ they came up with a wonderful idea ils ont eu une idée géniale;

∎ what will she come up with next? qu'est-ce qu'elle va encore inventer?

ⓘ Come on down! Il s'agit de la formule consacrée du jeu télévisé The Price is Right (dont l'équivalent français est Le Juste prix) qui débuta en 1957 aux États-Unis, et dans les années 80 en Grande-Bretagne. L'animateur de l'émission prononçait ces paroles ("Descendez!") pour inviter les membres du public sélectionnés pour participer au jeu à venir le rejoindre sur la scène. Aujourd'hui on utilise cette formule plaisamment pour dire à quelqu'un d'approcher ou bien pour indiquer à quelqu'un qui doit prononcer un discours ou se produire sur scène qu'il est temps de prendre place.

ⓘ Come up and see me sometime... Cette formule fut utilisée pour la première fois par Mae West dans le film de 1933 She Done Him Wrong (dont le titre français est Lady Lou); la citation exacte était en fait Why don't you come up sometime, see me? ("Pourquoi est-ce que tu ne monterais pas un de ces jours, pour me voir?"). Il s'agit de l'archétype de l'invitation au badinage. Encore aujourd'hui on utilise cette formule en imitant l'air canaille de Mae West.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > come
9 come

1. past tense - came; verb
1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) venir

2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) llegar

3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) venir

4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) suceder

5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) llegar a

6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) subir a, ser

2. interjection
(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) ¡vamos!

- comer
- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come

come vb venir

come here please ven aquí, por favor

A veces, come se traduce por ir

do you want to come with me? ¿quieres ir conmigo?

I'll come to see you tomorrow iré a verte mañana

to come home volver a casa

El pasado de come es came y el participio pasado es come; el gerundio se escribe coming

come

tr[kʌm]

intransitive verb (pt came tr[keɪm], pp come tr[kʌm], ger coming)

1 (gen) venir

■ you must come and visit us! ¡tienes que venir a visitarnos!

■ can you come to dinner on Saturday? ¿puedes venir a cenar el sábado?

■ come here a minute ven un momento

■ are you coming? ¿(te) vienes?

■ we came by plane vinimos en avión

■ I've come to read the meter vengo a mirar el contador

■ can I come with you? ¿puedo ir contigo?

■ coming! ¡ya voy!

2 (arrive) llegar

■ they still haven't come aún no han llegado

■ what time does he come home? ¿a qué hora llega a casa?

■ winter came early el invierno llegó temprano

■ Christmas is coming ya llega la Navidad

■ the time has come to decide ha llegado el momento de decidir

3 (occupy place, position) llegar

■ my horse came first mi caballo llegó el primero

■ my family comes first primero está mi familia

4 (reach) llegar

■ the water came up to our waist el agua nos llegaba a la cintura

■ his hair comes down to his shoulders el pelo le llega a los hombros

5 (happen) suceder

■ it came to pass that... sucedió que...

■ how did you come to live here? ¿cómo es que vives aquí?

6 (be available) venir, suministrarse

■ it comes in three sizes viene en tres tamaños

7 (become) hacerse

■ your laces have come undone se te han desatado los cordones

■ the picture's come unstuck el cuadro se ha despegado

■ the screw had come loose el tornillo se había aflojado

■ it'll all come right in the end todo saldrá bien al final

8 familiar (used with expressions of time) para

■ come next month para el mes que viene

9 slang (have orgasm) correrse

transitive verb

1 (behave, play the part) hacerse

■ don't come the innocent with me no te hagas el inocente conmigo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

come again? ¿cómo?, ¿qué?

come off it! ¡venga ya!, ¡anda ya!

come what may pase lo que pase

to be as... as they come ser lo más... que hay

■ he's as silly as they come es lo más tonto que hay

to come (in the future) venidero,-a

■ in years to come en el futuro

to come a long way (progress) progresar mucho

to come and go ir y venir

■ I don't know if I'm coming or going estoy hecho un lío

■ fashions come and go las modas cambian

to come as a shock/surprise to somebody ser un susto/sorpresa para alguien

■ her death came as a shock to me to su muerte me sorprendió

to come clean confesar, cantar

to come down in the world venir a menos

to come down on somebody's side ponerse de parte de alguien

to come easily to somebody resultarle fácil a alguien

to come in handy / come in useful ser útil, resultar útil, venir bien

to come into being nacer, ver la luz

to come into fashion ponerse de moda

to come into force entrar en vigor

to come into the world nacer, ver la luz

to come of age llegar a la mayoría de edad

to come out in favour of something / come out against something declararse a favor de algo / declararse en contra de algo

to come to an end acabar, terminar, tocar a su fin

to come to nothing llegar a nada, quedar en nada, quedar en agua de borrajas

to come to one's senses (regain consciousness) volver en sí 2 (see sense) recobrar la razón

to come together (people) juntarse, reunirse 2 (ideas) cuajar

to come true hacerse realidad

to have it coming (to one) tenérselo merecido

to see something coming ver algo venir

to take life as it comes aceptar la vida tal y como se presenta

when it comes to... en cuanto a...

come ['kʌm] vi, came ['keɪm] ; come ; coming

1) approach: venir, aproximarse

here they come: acá vienen

2) arrive: venir, llegar, alcanzar

they came yesterday: vinieron ayer

3) originate: venir, provenir

this wine comes from France: este vino viene de Francia

4) amount: llegar, ascender

the investment came to two million: la inversión llegó a dos millones

5)

to come clean : confesar, desahogar la conciencia

6)

to come into acquire: adquirir

to come into a fortune: heredar una fortuna

7)

to come off succeed: tener éxito, ser un éxito

8)

to come out : salir, aparecer, publicarse

9)

to come to revive: recobrar el conocimiento, volver en sí

10)

to come to pass happen: acontecer

11)

to come to terms : llegar a un acuerdo

come

interj.

• ven interj.

• venga interj.

p.p.

(Participio pasivo de "to come")

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: came, come) = ir v.

(§pres: voy, vas...) subj: vay-, imp: ib-, pret: fu-•)

• llegar v.

• ocurrir v.

• provenir v.

(§pres: -vengo, -vienes...-venimos), pret: -vin-, fut: -vendr-•)

• venir v.

(§pres: vengo, vienes...venimos), pret: vin-, fut: vendr-•)

kʌm
1.

intransitive verb (past came; past p come)

1)

a) (advance, approach, travel) venir*

come here — ven (aquí)

have you come far? — ¿vienes de lejos?

as I was coming up/down the stairs — cuando subía/bajaba (por) las escaleras

we've come a long way since... — ( made much progress) hemos avanzado mucho desde que...; ( many things have happened) ha llovido mucho desde que...

he came running into the room — entró corriendo en la habitación

come (and) look at this — ven a ver esto

come and get it! — (colloq) a comer!

b) (be present, visit, accompany) venir*

can I come with you? — ¿puedo ir contigo?, ¿te puedo acompañar?

to come as something: Sue's coming as a clown — Sue va a venir (vestida) de payaso

2)

a) ( arrive)

what time are you coming? — ¿a qué hora vas a venir?

after a while, you'll come to a crossroads — al cabo de un rato, llegarás a un cruce

I'm coming, I won't be a moment — enseguida voy

to come about something — venir* por algo

to come for something/somebody — venir* a buscar algo/a alguien, venir* a por algo/alguien (Esp)

b)

to come and go — ir* y venir*

you can come and go as you please — puedes salir y entrar a tu antojo

she doesn't know whether she's coming or going — está hecha un lío (fam)

Presidents come and go, the problems remain the same — los presidentes cambian pero los problemas son siempre los mismos

three o'clock came and went and he still hadn't arrived — pasaron las tres y no llegaba

3)

a) (occur in time, context)

Christmas comes but once a year — sólo es Navidad una vez al año

Christmas is coming — ya llega la Navidad

this coming Friday — este viernes que viene

it came as a complete surprise — fue una sorpresa total

to take life as it comes — aceptar la vida tal (y) como se presenta

come what may — pase lo que pase

he had it coming (to him) — se lo tenía merecido

b) (as prep) para

I'll be tired out come Friday — estaré agotado para el viernes

c)

to come — ( in the future) (as adv)

in years to come — en años venideros, en el futuro

a taste of things to come — una muestra de lo que nos espera

the best is yet to come — todavía nos queda lo mejor

4) (extend, reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

the water only came up to our knees — el agua sólo nos llegaba a las rodillas

5) ( be gained)

it'll come, just keep practicing — ya te va a salir or lo vas a lograr; sigue practicando

driving didn't come easily to me — aprender a manejar or (Esp) conducir no me fue or no me resultó fácil

6) (be available, obtainable) (+ adv compl) venir*

sugar comes in half-pound bags — el azúcar viene en paquetes de media libra

to come with something: the car comes with the job el coche te lo dan con el trabajo; it comes with instructions viene con or trae instrucciones; these watches don't come cheap estos relojes no son nada baratos; he's as silly as they come — es de lo más tonto que hay

7) (+ adv compl)

a) (in sequence, list, structure)

Cancer comes between Gemini and Leo — Cáncer está entre Géminis y Leo

b) (in race, competition) llegar*

to come first — ( in a race) llegar* el primero; ( in an exam) quedar or salir* el primero

c) ( be ranked) estar*

my children come first — primero están mis hijos

8)

a) ( become) (+ adj compl)

it's come loose — se ha aflojado

my dream has come true — mi sueño se ha hecho realidad

b) ( reach certain state)

to come to + inf — llegar* a + inf

how do you come to be here? — ¿cómo es que estás aquí?

I could have done it yesterday, come to think of it — lo podría haber hecho ayer, ahora que lo pienso

9) ( have orgasm) (colloq) venirse* or (Esp) correrse or (AmS) acabar (arg)

10) (in phrases)

come, come! — vamos, vamos!, dale! (CS fam)

come again? — (colloq) ¿qué? or (AmL fam) ¿qué qué?

how come? — (colloq) ¿cómo?

how come you didn't know? — ¿cómo es que no sabías?

2.

vt (BrE)

don't come the victim with me! — no te hagas la víctima conmigo

Phrasal Verbs:

- come about

- come across

- come after

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come down to

- come down with

- come forward

- come from

- come home to

- come in

- come in for

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come out in

- come out with

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come up for

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with

[kʌm] (pt came) (pp come)
1. VI

1) (gen) venir; (=arrive) llegar

we have come to help you — hemos venido a ayudarte

when did he come? — ¿cuándo llegó?

they came late — llegaron tarde

the letter came this morning — la carta llegó esta mañana

(I'm) coming! — ¡voy!, ¡ya voy!

he came running/dashing etc in — entró corriendo/volando etc

the day/time will come when... — ya llegará el día/la hora (en) que...

it will be two years come March — en marzo hará dos años

a week come Monday — ocho días a partir del lunes

• we'll come after you — te seguiremos

• come and see us soon — ven a vernos pronto

• it may come as a surprise to you... — puede que te asombre or (LAm) extrañe...

it came as a shock to her — le afectó mucho

• to come for sth/sb — venir por or (LAm) pasar por algo/algn

• to come from — (=stem from) [word, custom] venir de, proceder de, provenir de; (=originate from) [person] ser de

she has just come from London — acaba de venir or (LAm) regresar de Londres

I come from Wigan — soy de Wigan

where do you come from? — ¿de dónde eres?

this necklace comes from Spain — este collar es de España

I don't know where you're coming from — (US) * no alcanzo a comprender la base de tu argumento

• to come and go — ir y venir

people were coming and going all day — la gente iba y venía todo el día

the pain comes and goes — el dolor va y viene

the picture comes and goes — (TV) un momento tenemos imagen y al siguiente no

• come home — ven a casa

• it never came into my mind — no pasó siquiera por mi mente

• we came to a village — llegamos a un pueblo

to come to a decision — llegar a una decisión

the water only came to her waist — el agua le llegaba solo hasta la cintura

it came to me that there was a better way to do it — se me ocurrió que había otra forma mejor de hacerlo

when it comes to choosing, I prefer wine — si tengo que elegir, prefiero vino

when it comes to mathematics... — en cuanto a or en lo que se refiere a las matemáticas...

• when your turn comes — cuando llegue tu turno

• they have come a long way — (lit) han venido desde muy lejos; (fig) han llegado muy lejos

• come with me — ven conmigo

2) (=have its place) venir

May comes before June — mayo viene antes de junio

it comes on the next page — viene en la pagina siguiente

work comes before pleasure — primero el trabajo, luego la diversión

the adjective comes before the noun — el adjetivo precede al sustantivo

he came third — llego en tercer lugar

3) (=happen) pasar, ocurrir

recovery came slowly — la recuperación fue lenta

• how does this chair come to be broken? — ¿cómo es que esta silla está rota?

• how come? * — ¿cómo es eso?, ¿cómo así?, ¿por qué?

how come you don't know? * — ¿cómo es que no lo sabes?

• no good will come of it — de eso no saldrá nada bueno

nothing came of it — todo quedó en nada

that's what comes of being careless — eso es lo que pasa or ocurre por la falta de cuidado

• no harm will come to him — no le pasará nada

• come what may — pase lo que pase

4) (=be, become)

I have come to like her — ha llegado a caerme bien

I came to think it was all my fault — llegué a la conclusión de que era culpa mía

now I come to think of it — ahora que lo pienso, pensándolo bien

it came to pass that... — liter aconteció que...

• those shoes come in two colours — esos zapatos vienen en dos colores

• the button has come loose — el botón se ha soltado

• it comes naturally to him — lo hace sin esfuerzo, no le cuesta nada hacerlo

• it'll all come right in the end — al final, todo se arreglará

• my dreams came true — mis sueños se hicieron realidad

5) ** (=have orgasm) correrse (Sp) ***, acabar (LAm) ***

6) (in phrases)

• come again? * — ¿cómo (dice)?

• he's as good as they come — es bueno como él solo

he's as stupid as they come — es tonto de remate

I like my tea just as it comes — me gusta el té hecho de cualquier modo

• they don't come any better than that — mejores no los hay

• to come between two people — (=interfere) meterse or entrometerse entre dos personas; (=separate) separar a dos personas

nothing can come between us — no hay nada que sea capaz de separarnos

• cars like that don't come cheap — los coches así no son baratos

• come, come! — ¡vamos!

• the new ruling comes into force next year — la nueva ley entra en vigor el año que viene

• I don't know whether I'm coming or going — no sé lo que me hago

• he had it coming to him * — se lo tenía bien merecido

• if it comes to it — llegado el caso

• oh, come now! — ¡vamos!

• I could see it coming — lo veía venir

• come to that... — si vamos a eso...

• in (the) years to come — en los años venideros

2.

VT

don't come that game with me! * — ¡no me vengas con esos cuentos!

that's coming it a bit strong — eso me parece algo exagerado, no es para tanto

- come about

- come across

- come across with

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come at

- come away

- come back

- come before

- come by

- come down

- come down with

- come forward

- come in

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come through with

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with
COME, GO Although c ome and venir usually imply motion towards the speaker while go and ir imply motion away from them, there are some differences between the two languages. In English we sometimes describe movement as if from the other person's perspective. In Spanish, this is not the case. ► For example when someone calls you:
I'm coming Ya voy ► Making arrangements over the phone or in a letter:
I'll come and pick you up at four Iré a recogerte a las cuatro
Can I come too? ¿Puedo ir yo también?
Shall I come with you? ¿Voy contigo? ► So, use ir rather than venir when going towards someone else or when joining them to go on somewhere else. ► Compare:
Are you coming with us? (viewed from the speaker's perspective) ¿(Te) vienes con nosotros? For further uses and examples, see come, go
* * *
[kʌm]
1.

intransitive verb (past came; past p come)

1)

a) (advance, approach, travel) venir*

come here — ven (aquí)

have you come far? — ¿vienes de lejos?

as I was coming up/down the stairs — cuando subía/bajaba (por) las escaleras

we've come a long way since... — ( made much progress) hemos avanzado mucho desde que...; ( many things have happened) ha llovido mucho desde que...

he came running into the room — entró corriendo en la habitación

come (and) look at this — ven a ver esto

come and get it! — (colloq) a comer!

b) (be present, visit, accompany) venir*

can I come with you? — ¿puedo ir contigo?, ¿te puedo acompañar?

to come as something: Sue's coming as a clown — Sue va a venir (vestida) de payaso

2)

a) ( arrive)

what time are you coming? — ¿a qué hora vas a venir?

after a while, you'll come to a crossroads — al cabo de un rato, llegarás a un cruce

I'm coming, I won't be a moment — enseguida voy

to come about something — venir* por algo

to come for something/somebody — venir* a buscar algo/a alguien, venir* a por algo/alguien (Esp)

b)

to come and go — ir* y venir*

you can come and go as you please — puedes salir y entrar a tu antojo

she doesn't know whether she's coming or going — está hecha un lío (fam)

Presidents come and go, the problems remain the same — los presidentes cambian pero los problemas son siempre los mismos

three o'clock came and went and he still hadn't arrived — pasaron las tres y no llegaba

3)

a) (occur in time, context)

Christmas comes but once a year — sólo es Navidad una vez al año

Christmas is coming — ya llega la Navidad

this coming Friday — este viernes que viene

it came as a complete surprise — fue una sorpresa total

to take life as it comes — aceptar la vida tal (y) como se presenta

come what may — pase lo que pase

he had it coming (to him) — se lo tenía merecido

b) (as prep) para

I'll be tired out come Friday — estaré agotado para el viernes

c)

to come — ( in the future) (as adv)

in years to come — en años venideros, en el futuro

a taste of things to come — una muestra de lo que nos espera

the best is yet to come — todavía nos queda lo mejor

4) (extend, reach) (+ adv compl) llegar*

the water only came up to our knees — el agua sólo nos llegaba a las rodillas

5) ( be gained)

it'll come, just keep practicing — ya te va a salir or lo vas a lograr; sigue practicando

driving didn't come easily to me — aprender a manejar or (Esp) conducir no me fue or no me resultó fácil

6) (be available, obtainable) (+ adv compl) venir*

sugar comes in half-pound bags — el azúcar viene en paquetes de media libra

to come with something: the car comes with the job el coche te lo dan con el trabajo; it comes with instructions viene con or trae instrucciones; these watches don't come cheap estos relojes no son nada baratos; he's as silly as they come — es de lo más tonto que hay

7) (+ adv compl)

a) (in sequence, list, structure)

Cancer comes between Gemini and Leo — Cáncer está entre Géminis y Leo

b) (in race, competition) llegar*

to come first — ( in a race) llegar* el primero; ( in an exam) quedar or salir* el primero

c) ( be ranked) estar*

my children come first — primero están mis hijos

8)

a) ( become) (+ adj compl)

it's come loose — se ha aflojado

my dream has come true — mi sueño se ha hecho realidad

b) ( reach certain state)

to come to + inf — llegar* a + inf

how do you come to be here? — ¿cómo es que estás aquí?

I could have done it yesterday, come to think of it — lo podría haber hecho ayer, ahora que lo pienso

9) ( have orgasm) (colloq) venirse* or (Esp) correrse or (AmS) acabar (arg)

10) (in phrases)

come, come! — vamos, vamos!, dale! (CS fam)

come again? — (colloq) ¿qué? or (AmL fam) ¿qué qué?

how come? — (colloq) ¿cómo?

how come you didn't know? — ¿cómo es que no sabías?

2.

vt (BrE)

don't come the victim with me! — no te hagas la víctima conmigo

Phrasal Verbs:

- come about

- come across

- come after

- come along

- come apart

- come around

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come down to

- come down with

- come forward

- come from

- come home to

- come in

- come in for

- come into

- come of

- come off

- come on

- come on to

- come out

- come out in

- come out with

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come up against

- come up for

- come upon

- come up to

- come up with

English-spanish dictionary > come
10 aumento

m.

1 increase, rise.

un aumento del 10 por ciento a 10 percent increase

un aumento de los precios a price rise

las temperaturas experimentarán un ligero aumento temperatures will rise slightly

ir en aumento to be on the increase

aumento lineal across-the-board pay rise (de sueldo)

aumento de sueldo pay rise

2 promotion.

3 magnifying power.

4 jump.

pres.indicat.

1^st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: aumentar.

* * *

aumento

► nombre masculino

1 increase, growth

2 (óptica) magnification

3 (fotos) enlargement

4 (sonido) amplification

5 (salario) rise, US raise

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ir en aumento to be on the increase

aumento de precios rise in prices

* * *

noun m.

1) increase

2) raise

* * *

SM

1) [de tamaño] increase; (Fot) enlargement; (Ópt) magnification

2) [de cantidad, producción, velocidad, intensidad] increase; [de precio] increase, rise

un aumento del número de turistas — an increase in the number of tourists

se registró un aumento de temperatura — an increase o rise in temperature was recorded

un aumento del calor — a rise in temperature

aumento de peso — [en objeto] increase in weight; [en persona] weight gain

aumento de población — population increase

aumento de precio — rise in price

aumento de sueldo, aumento salarial — (pay) rise

3) (Elec, Radio) amplification

4)

ir en aumento — to be on the increase

5) (Ópt) magnification

una lente de 30 aumentos — a lens of 30x magnification

unas gafas de mucho aumento — glasses with very strong lenses

6) Méx (=posdata) postscript

* * *

masculino

a) ( incremento) rise, increase

pedir un aumento — to ask for a raise (AmE) o (BrE) rise

las tarifas sufrirán un ligero aumento — there will be a small increase o rise in fares

aumento de algo: aumento de peso increase in weight; aumento de temperatura rise in temperature; aumento de precio price rise o increase; aumento de sueldo — salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)

b) (Ópt) magnification

lentes con or de mucho aumento — glasses with very strong lenses

* * *

= boost, build-up [buildup], extension, growth, increase, rise, tide, expansion, deepening, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, upswing, widening, waxing, enlargement, heightening.

Ex. Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.

Ex. No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.

Ex. These can be seen as extensions of the supportive role provided by Neighbourhood Advice Centres to community groups.

Ex. This document contains information on such concepts as settlement, urban growth, field patterns, forest clearance and many others.

Ex. The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.

Ex. The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.

Ex. What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.

Ex. This is not a simple general expansion of a description but an increasing emphasis upon aspects of the book.

Ex. There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.

Ex. If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.

Ex. The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.

Ex. The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.

Ex. The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.

Ex. The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.

Ex. Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.

Ex. This waning of one discipline and waxing of another represents the fundamental incommensurability, yet mutual dependence, of existing disciplinary categories of knowledge.

Ex. This enlargement of interests forms the basis of the claim to provide an information education appropriate to other than library-type environments.

Ex. The arts can serve the heightening of our sensibilities to the theological dimensions of cultural movements.

----

* aumento acelerado = spurt.

* aumento acusado = sharp increase.

* aumento asociado a la inflación = inflation-adjusted.

* aumento de = increased.

* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.

* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.

* aumento de la demanda = increase in (the) demand, increased demand.

* aumento de la producción = increased production.

* aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.

* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.

* aumento de los impuestos = tax increase.

* aumento del uso = increased use.

* aumento de pecho = breast augmentation, breast enlargement.

* aumento de peso = weight gain.

* aumento de precios = price increase, increased price.

* aumento de tamaño = increase in size.

* aumento en espesor = thickening.

* aumento notable = rising tide.

* aumento repentino = upsurge.

* aumento salarial = salary increase, pay rise, salary rise.

* aumento salarial por méritos = merit salary increase.

* aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.

* aumento vertiginoso = explosion, spiralling [spiraling, -USA].

* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.

* en aumento = burgeoning, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, growing, heightening.

* en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.

* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.

* espejo de aumento = magnifying mirror.

* experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.

* experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.

* gran aumento = heavy increase.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* lector de aumento = magnifying reader.

* lente de aumento = magnifying glass, magnifier.

* mamoplastía de aumento = augmentation mammoplasty.

* ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.

* tasa de aumento = growth rate, rate of growth, rate of increase.

* * *

masculino

a) ( incremento) rise, increase

pedir un aumento — to ask for a raise (AmE) o (BrE) rise

las tarifas sufrirán un ligero aumento — there will be a small increase o rise in fares

aumento de algo: aumento de peso increase in weight; aumento de temperatura rise in temperature; aumento de precio price rise o increase; aumento de sueldo — salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)

b) (Ópt) magnification

lentes con or de mucho aumento — glasses with very strong lenses

* * *

= boost, build-up [buildup], extension, growth, increase, rise, tide, expansion, deepening, augmentation, increase in numbers, growth in number, surge, upswing, widening, waxing, enlargement, heightening.

Ex: Consequently, Leforte came to expect -- perhaps even take for granted -- the periodic boosts of ego and income that the evaluations provided.

Ex: No problem usually with terminals and micros but there could be an undesirable temperature build-up in confined areas.

Ex: These can be seen as extensions of the supportive role provided by Neighbourhood Advice Centres to community groups.

Ex: This document contains information on such concepts as settlement, urban growth, field patterns, forest clearance and many others.

Ex: The term you have chosen indicates an increase in specificity, since it is one of the members of the group described by the basic term.

Ex: The rapid rise of computer literacy in the world has led to a demand for the easy availability of many kinds of information.

Ex: What has happened is that yet another institution has so overlapped with our own that we are being swept along on the tide of the technological revolution.

Ex: This is not a simple general expansion of a description but an increasing emphasis upon aspects of the book.

Ex: There is a categorical moral imperative for a deepening and a renewal of the concept of collegiality -- that is a blend of intense competition and mutual support -- in relations between research scholars and research librarians.

Ex: If the budget will not permit staff augmentation, then the reference librarian must help the department head to make the most of available resources.

Ex: The present increase in numbers of overseas students in Australia tertiary institutions has implications for libraries.

Ex: The growth in number of national, regional and international agricultural organisations has resulted in a vast output of scientific and technical literature, issued in a wide variety of forms.

Ex: The Internet is also creating a new surge of interest in information in all forms, and a revitalized interest in reading.

Ex: The author discusses the current upswing in paperback sales of children's books in the USA and the slump in hardback sales.

Ex: Despite growth in export volume in recent years, there has been a widening of the national current account deficit from 8.8% to over 20%.

Ex: This waning of one discipline and waxing of another represents the fundamental incommensurability, yet mutual dependence, of existing disciplinary categories of knowledge.

Ex: This enlargement of interests forms the basis of the claim to provide an information education appropriate to other than library-type environments.

Ex: The arts can serve the heightening of our sensibilities to the theological dimensions of cultural movements.

* aumento acelerado = spurt.

* aumento acusado = sharp increase.

* aumento asociado a la inflación = inflation-adjusted.

* aumento de = increased.

* aumento de cantidad = increase in quantity.

* aumento de costes = increased costs, cost increase.

* aumento de la demanda = increase in (the) demand, increased demand.

* aumento de la producción = increased production.

* aumento de las diferencias entre... y = widening gap between... and, widening of the gap beween.... and.

* aumento del conocimiento = knowledge building.

* aumento de los impuestos = tax increase.

* aumento del uso = increased use.

* aumento de pecho = breast augmentation, breast enlargement.

* aumento de peso = weight gain.

* aumento de precios = price increase, increased price.

* aumento de tamaño = increase in size.

* aumento en espesor = thickening.

* aumento notable = rising tide.

* aumento repentino = upsurge.

* aumento salarial = salary increase, pay rise, salary rise.

* aumento salarial por méritos = merit salary increase.

* aumento transitorio de tensión = surge.

* aumento vertiginoso = explosion, spiralling [spiraling, -USA].

* conceder aumento salarial = award + salary increase.

* en aumento = burgeoning, increasing, mounting, rising, on the rise, growing, heightening.

* en aumento gradual = gradually quickening.

* en continuo aumento = ever-increasing.

* espejo de aumento = magnifying mirror.

* experimentar un aumento = experience + rise.

* experimentar un aumento vertiginoso = experience + explosion.

* gran aumento = heavy increase.

* ir en aumento = be on the increase.

* lector de aumento = magnifying reader.

* lente de aumento = magnifying glass, magnifier.

* mamoplastía de aumento = augmentation mammoplasty.

* ritmo de aumento = rate of increase.

* tasa de aumento = growth rate, rate of growth, rate of increase.

* * *

aumento

masculine

1 (incremento) rise, increase

pedir un aumento to ask for a pay raise ( AmE) o ( BrE) rise

las tarifas experimentarán or sufrirán un ligero aumento there will be a small increase o rise in fares

la tensión va en aumento tension is growing o mounting o increasing

el aumento de las cotizaciones en las bolsas the rise in stock market prices

la velocidad del cuerpo va en aumento a medida que … the speed of the object increases as …

aumento DE algo:

aumento de peso increase in weight, weight gain

aumento de temperatura rise in temperature

aumento de precio price rise o increase

aumento de sueldo salary increase, pay raise ( AmE), pay rise ( BrE)

2 ( Ópt) magnification

un microscopio de 20 aumentos a microscope with a magnifying power o magnification of 20

tiene gafas or ( AmL) lentes con or de mucho aumento he wears glasses with very strong lenses

* * *

Del verbo aumentar: ( conjugate aumentar)

aumento es:

1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

aumentó es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

Multiple Entries:
aumentar
aumento
aumentar ( conjugate aumentar) verbo transitivo
a) ( en general) to increase;

‹precio/sueldo› to increase, raise
b) (Opt) to magnify

verbo intransitivo [temperatura/presión] to rise;
[ velocidad] to increase;
[precio/producción/valor] to increase, rise;
◊ aumentoá el frío it will become colder;

aumento de algo ‹de volumen/tamaño› to increase in sth;
aumentó de peso he put on o gained weight
aumento sustantivo masculino
a) ( incremento) rise, increase;

◊ aumento de peso increase in weight;

aumento de temperatura rise in temperature;
aumento de precio price rise o increase;
aumento de sueldo salary increase, pay raise (AmE), pay rise (BrE)
b) (Ópt) magnification;

◊ lentes de mucho aumento glasses with very strong lenses

aumentar
I verbo transitivo to increase
Fot to enlarge
Ópt to magnify
II vi (una cantidad) to go up, rise
(de valor) to appreciate
aumento sustantivo masculino
1 increase
aumento de sueldo, pay rise
2 Fot enlargement
3 Ópt magnification
' aumento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
lente
- más
- petición
- producción
- progresiva
- progresivo
- salarial
- agudo
- auge
- aumentar
- autorizar
- bonificación
- escalada
- nubosidad
- prever
- prometido
- rápido
- representar
- retroactivo
- sensible
- triple
- valorización
- votar
English:
appreciation
- attribute
- bolster
- build-up
- by
- gain
- growing
- growth
- hike
- hysteria
- improvement
- increase
- leap
- mount
- negotiate
- of
- raise
- rise
- surge
- wage increase
- build
- glass
- jump
- pay
- rising
- settlement
- up

* * *

aumento nm

1. [de temperatura, precio, gastos, tensión] increase, rise;
[de sueldo] Br rise, US raise; [de velocidad] increase;
un aumento del 10 por ciento a 10 percent increase;

un aumento de los precios a price rise;

las temperaturas experimentarán un ligero aumento temperatures will rise slightly;

ir o [m5] estar en aumento to be on the increase

Comp
aumento lineal [de sueldo] across-the-board pay Br rise o US raise;
aumento de sueldo pay increase;

pedir un aumento de sueldo to ask for a (pay) Br rise o US raise

2. [en óptica] magnification;

una lente de 20 aumentos a lens of magnification x 20

3. Méx [posdata] postscript

* * *

aumento

m de precios, temperaturas etc rise (de in), increase (de in);

aumento salarial o

de sueldo raise, Br (pay) rise;

ir en aumento be increasing

* * *

aumento nm

incremento: increase, rise

* * *

aumento n increase / rise

un aumento de sueldo a pay rise

aumento de precios a price increase

aumento de la temperatura a rise in temperature

ir en aumento to be increasing / to be rising

Spanish-English dictionary > aumento
11 condición

f.

1 condition, shape.

2 situation, state.

3 condition, requisite, necessity, essential.

* * *

condición

► nombre femenino

1 (naturaleza) nature, condition

2 (carácter) nature, character

■ es de condición apacible he is a gentle person

3 (circunstancia) circumstance, condition

4 (estado social) status, position

■ de condición humilde of humble origins

5 (calidad) capacity

■ en su condición de profesor as a teacher

6 (exigencia) condition

■ nos puso la condición de que llegáramos pronto he made it a condition that we should arrive early

► nombre femenino plural condiciones

1 (estado) condition sing, state sing

■ condiciones de salud state of health

2 (aptitud) aptitude sing, talent sing

■ tiene condiciones para el canto she has a talent for singing

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a condición de que... provided (that)...

con la condición de que... on the condition that...

en estas condiciones under these circumstances

estar en condiciones de hacer algo (físicas) to be fit to do something 2 (posición, autoridad) to be in a position to do something

estar en malas condiciones (gen) to be in a bad state, be in bad condition 2 (comida) to be off

poner en condiciones to get ready

condiciones de pago conditions of payment

condiciones de trabajo working conditions

condiciones requeridas requirements

persona de condición high-class person

* * *

noun f.

1) condition

2) position

* * *

SF

1) (=requisito) condition

lo haré con una condición — I'll do it on one condition

ha puesto como condición el que se respeten los derechos humanos — he has made it a condition that human rights be respected

están negociando las condiciones de la entrega de los rehenes — they are negotiating the conditions for the release of the hostages

las condiciones del contrato — the terms o conditions of the contract

• a condición de que..., con la condición de que... — on condition that...

te dejaré salir con la condición de que no vuelvas tarde — I'll let you go out provided (that) o on condition (that) you don't come back late

acepté a condición de que no dijera nada a nadie — I agreed on condition that he didn't say anything to anyone

• condición indispensable — essential condition

• condición previa — precondition

• entregarse o rendirse sin condiciones — to surrender unconditionally

rendición sin condiciones — unconditional surrender

• condición sine qua non — essential condition, sine qua non

condiciones de favor — concessionary terms

condiciones de pago — terms of payment, payment terms

condiciones de uso — instructions for use

condiciones de venta — terms of sale, conditions of sale

condiciones económicas — [de contrato] financial terms; [de profesional] fees
pliego
2) pl condiciones

a) (=situación) conditions

las condiciones de luz eran muy buenas — the light conditions were very good

si se dan las condiciones adecuadas, ganaremos las elecciones — if the conditions are right, we will win the election

viven en condiciones infrahumanas — they live in subhuman conditions

en condiciones normales — under normal conditions o circumstances

• estar en (buenas) condiciones — [lugar, máquina] to be in good condition; [alimentos] to be fresh; [deportista] to be fit

el terreno de juego está en perfectas condiciones — the pitch is in perfect condition

el coche se encuentra en excelentes condiciones — the car is in excellent condition

esa leche no está en buenas condiciones — that milk is not fresh

• estar en condiciones de o para hacer algo — [enfermo] to be well o fit enough to do sth; [deportista] to be fit (enough) to do sth

la industria automovilística no está en condiciones de enfrentarse a la competencia — the car industry is not in a condition to face up to competition

• estar en malas condiciones — [coche, libro, campo de juego] to be in bad condition

me devolvieron el libro en pésimas condiciones — they returned the book to me in a terrible state o condition

el queso estaba en malas condiciones — the cheese had gone bad, the cheese was off

b)

• en condiciones — (=decente) proper

no tengo tiempo de echarme una siesta en condiciones — I don't have time for a proper siesta

antes de irnos lo dejaremos todo en condiciones — we'll leave everything in order before we go

c) (=cualidades)

no tiene condiciones para la pintura — she is not cut out to be a painter

no reúne las condiciones necesarias para este trabajo — he doesn't fulfil the requirements for this job

el edificio no reúne condiciones para museo — the building is not suitable for use as a museum

condiciones de trabajo — working conditions

condiciones de vida — living conditions

condiciones físicas — physical condition sing

el equipo se encuentra en excelentes condiciones físicas — the team is in excellent physical condition

no está en condiciones físicas de boxear — he is not physically fit (enough) to box

condiciones laborales — working conditions

condiciones sanitarias — [de bar, restaurante] health requirements; [de hospital] sanitary conditions
igualdad 1), inferioridad
3) (=naturaleza) condition

la condición humana — the human condition

el derecho a no ser discriminada por su condición de mujer — the right not to be discriminated against on the grounds of being o because one is a woman

tiene muy buena condición — he's very good-natured

4) (=clase social) social background

personas de distinta condición — people of different social backgrounds

personas de humilde condición — people from a humble background

5) (=posición) position

su condición de artista no lo autoriza a hacer eso — his position as an artist does not allow him to do this

les pidieron algún documento acreditativo de su condición de pasajeros — they were asked for some documentary evidence proving that they were passengers

en su condición de presidente — in his capacity as president

* * *

femenino

1) ( requisito) condition

sin condiciones — unconditionally

a condición or con la condición de que — on condition (that)

acepto con una condición — I accept on one condition

te lo presto a condición de que me lo devuelvas mañana — I'll lend it to you as long as o provided (that) you give it back tomorrow

las condiciones de un contrato — the terms o conditions of a contract

- condiciones de venta

- condición sine qua non

2)

a) (calidad, situación)

en su condición de sacerdote — as a priest

en su condición de jefe de la delegación — in his capacity as head of the delegation

su condición de extranjero le impide participar — as o being a foreigner he is not allowed to take part

b) ( naturaleza) condition

la condición femenina — the feminine condition

c) ( clase social) condition (dated), class

de condición humilde — of humble condition o origins

alguien de su condición — someone of your social position

d) (Med) condition

- condición humana

3) condiciones femenino plural (estado, circunstancias) conditions (pl)

condiciones meteorológicas — weather conditions

refrigerar para conservar en óptimas condiciones — refrigerate to keep (product) at its best

estar en perfectas condiciones — coche/mueble to be in perfect condition; persona to be in good shape

la carne estaba en malas condiciones — the meat was unfit for consumption

deja tu cuarto en condiciones — leave your room neat and tidy

todo tiene que estar en condiciones para el comienzo del curso — everything must be ready for the beginning of the school year

estar en condiciones de jugar/trabajar — to be fit to play/work

no estoy en condiciones de hacer un viaje tan caro — I am not in a position to go on such an expensive trip

- condiciones de trabajo/de vida

4) condiciones femenino plural ( aptitudes) talent

tiene condiciones para la música — she has a talent for music

no tiene condiciones para ese trabajo — he is not suited to that job

* * *

= provision, requirement, state, status, stipulation, proviso, rider, condition, stamp, stripe, station in life.

Ex. Chapter 9 considered the provisions for selecting headings for added entries.

Ex. The most appropriate type of abstract must be chosen in accordance with the requirements of each individual application.

Ex. Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.

Ex. AACR2 assigns this main entry status to the person who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work.

Ex. The city fathers endorsed this project with the stipulation that a librarian or 'book-lover' should be available to assist patrons.

Ex. The term thesaurus will be used here to denote such lists, with the proviso that this is strictly speaking a misuse of the term.

Ex. This latter point is born out in a survey of the information needs of Californians, which, in affirming the existence of such needs, added the rider that Californians 'do not always perceive these needs to be related to information'.

Ex. He was laid upon the bed and upon examination his head was found in a terrible condition, swelled and bruised from the effect of sandbag blows.

Ex. The new heir apparent is probably a man of a very different stamp.

Ex. The field of computational linguistics is exciting insomuch as it permits linguists of different stripes to model language behaviour.

Ex. Each of us -- no matter what our politics, our religion, our race, or our station in life -- must search his conscience for the answer to that question.

----

* aceptar las condiciones = agree + terms.

* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.

* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.

* bajo ciertas condiciones = under certain conditions.

* buena condición física = physical fitness.

* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.

* condición de búsqueda = search requirement.

* condición de estado = statehood.

* condición de estar apto para volar = airworthiness.

* condición deplorable = dismaying condition.

* condiciones = specifications, terms, terms and conditions, physical conditions, walks (of/in) life.

* condiciones ambientales = environmental conditions, ambient conditions.

* condiciones atmosféricas = atmospheric conditions.

* condiciones climáticas = climatic conditions.

* condiciones contractuales = terms and conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición y/o precio = terms of availability and/or price.

* condiciones de almacenamiento = storage conditions.

* condiciones de la licencia = licence terms, licence terms and conditions.

* condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.

* condiciones de trabajo = working conditions.

* condiciones de uso = terms of use.

* condiciones de venta = terms of sale.

* condiciones de vida = living conditions.

* condiciones económicas = economic conditions.

* condiciones físicas = physical conditions.

* condiciones iguales para todos = level playing field.

* condiciones inhumanas = inhumane conditions.

* condiciones laborales = working conditions, occupational conditions, work conditions, work life.

* condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).

* condiciones legales de uso = legal boilerplate.

* condiciones medioambientales = environmental conditions.

* condiciones metereológicas = weather conditions.

* condiciones metereológicas extremas = severe weather, severe weather conditions.

* condiciones sociales = walks (of/in) life.

* condición física = physical shape.

* condición humana = human nature.

* condición humana, la = human condition, the.

* condición previa = precondition [pre-condition].

* condición social = social condition, station in life.

* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.

* cumplir la condición de la búsqueda = match + request specification.

* cumplir las condiciones para = be eligible for.

* cumplir una condición = meet + condition, satisfy + condition, fill + requirement.

* daño producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.

* destrozo producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.

* en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.

* en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.

* en condiciones = decent.

* en condiciones de = in the position to.

* en condiciones de igualdad = on an equal footing, on equal terms, on an equal basis.

* en condiciones difíciles = under difficult conditions.

* en excelentes condiciones = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.

* en igualdad de condiciones = other things being equal, on equal terms, one of equals, ceteris paribus, in a tie, on an equal footing, on an equal basis, all (other) things being equal.

* en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.

* en las mejores condiciones posibles = in the best possible conditions.

* en malas condiciones = in poor condition, in bad condition, in bad shape, in poor shape.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.

* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.

* imponer una condición = place + limitation.

* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).

* mejora de las condiciones laborales = horizontal ladder.

* negociar condiciones = negotiate + terms.

* que reúne las condiciones = qualified.

* reunir las condiciones = fit + the bill.

* reunir las condiciones para = qualify for.

* reunir una serie de condiciones = meet + set of conditions.

* según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.

* sin condiciones = unconditionally.

* sin condiciones especiales = with no strings attached.

* términos y condiciones = terms and conditions.

* términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.

* tratamiento por condiciones = condition approach.

* * *

femenino

1) ( requisito) condition

sin condiciones — unconditionally

a condición or con la condición de que — on condition (that)

acepto con una condición — I accept on one condition

te lo presto a condición de que me lo devuelvas mañana — I'll lend it to you as long as o provided (that) you give it back tomorrow

las condiciones de un contrato — the terms o conditions of a contract

- condiciones de venta

- condición sine qua non

2)

a) (calidad, situación)

en su condición de sacerdote — as a priest

en su condición de jefe de la delegación — in his capacity as head of the delegation

su condición de extranjero le impide participar — as o being a foreigner he is not allowed to take part

b) ( naturaleza) condition

la condición femenina — the feminine condition

c) ( clase social) condition (dated), class

de condición humilde — of humble condition o origins

alguien de su condición — someone of your social position

d) (Med) condition

- condición humana

3) condiciones femenino plural (estado, circunstancias) conditions (pl)

condiciones meteorológicas — weather conditions

refrigerar para conservar en óptimas condiciones — refrigerate to keep (product) at its best

estar en perfectas condiciones — coche/mueble to be in perfect condition; persona to be in good shape

la carne estaba en malas condiciones — the meat was unfit for consumption

deja tu cuarto en condiciones — leave your room neat and tidy

todo tiene que estar en condiciones para el comienzo del curso — everything must be ready for the beginning of the school year

estar en condiciones de jugar/trabajar — to be fit to play/work

no estoy en condiciones de hacer un viaje tan caro — I am not in a position to go on such an expensive trip

- condiciones de trabajo/de vida

4) condiciones femenino plural ( aptitudes) talent

tiene condiciones para la música — she has a talent for music

no tiene condiciones para ese trabajo — he is not suited to that job

* * *

= provision, requirement, state, status, stipulation, proviso, rider, condition, stamp, stripe, station in life.

Ex: Chapter 9 considered the provisions for selecting headings for added entries.

Ex: The most appropriate type of abstract must be chosen in accordance with the requirements of each individual application.

Ex: Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.

Ex: AACR2 assigns this main entry status to the person who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work.

Ex: The city fathers endorsed this project with the stipulation that a librarian or 'book-lover' should be available to assist patrons.

Ex: The term thesaurus will be used here to denote such lists, with the proviso that this is strictly speaking a misuse of the term.

Ex: This latter point is born out in a survey of the information needs of Californians, which, in affirming the existence of such needs, added the rider that Californians 'do not always perceive these needs to be related to information'.

Ex: He was laid upon the bed and upon examination his head was found in a terrible condition, swelled and bruised from the effect of sandbag blows.

Ex: The new heir apparent is probably a man of a very different stamp.

Ex: The field of computational linguistics is exciting insomuch as it permits linguists of different stripes to model language behaviour.

Ex: Each of us -- no matter what our politics, our religion, our race, or our station in life -- must search his conscience for the answer to that question.

* aceptar las condiciones = agree + terms.

* a condición de que + Subjuntivo = provided (that), providing (that), as long as.

* área del número normalizado y de las condiciones de adquisición = International Standard Book Number and terms of availability area, standard number and terms of availability area.

* bajo ciertas condiciones = under certain conditions.

* buena condición física = physical fitness.

* con condiciones especiales = strings attached.

* condición de búsqueda = search requirement.

* condición de estado = statehood.

* condición de estar apto para volar = airworthiness.

* condición deplorable = dismaying condition.

* condiciones = specifications, terms, terms and conditions, physical conditions, walks (of/in) life.

* condiciones ambientales = environmental conditions, ambient conditions.

* condiciones atmosféricas = atmospheric conditions.

* condiciones climáticas = climatic conditions.

* condiciones contractuales = terms and conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición = obtainability conditions.

* condiciones de adquisición y/o precio = terms of availability and/or price.

* condiciones de almacenamiento = storage conditions.

* condiciones de la licencia = licence terms, licence terms and conditions.

* condiciones del contrato de trabajo = terms of employment.

* condiciones de trabajo = working conditions.

* condiciones de uso = terms of use.

* condiciones de venta = terms of sale.

* condiciones de vida = living conditions.

* condiciones económicas = economic conditions.

* condiciones físicas = physical conditions.

* condiciones iguales para todos = level playing field.

* condiciones inhumanas = inhumane conditions.

* condiciones laborales = working conditions, occupational conditions, work conditions, work life.

* condiciones laborales de calidad = quality of work life (QWL).

* condiciones legales de uso = legal boilerplate.

* condiciones medioambientales = environmental conditions.

* condiciones metereológicas = weather conditions.

* condiciones metereológicas extremas = severe weather, severe weather conditions.

* condiciones sociales = walks (of/in) life.

* condición física = physical shape.

* condición humana = human nature.

* condición humana, la = human condition, the.

* condición previa = precondition [pre-condition].

* condición social = social condition, station in life.

* con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.

* cumplir la condición de la búsqueda = match + request specification.

* cumplir las condiciones para = be eligible for.

* cumplir una condición = meet + condition, satisfy + condition, fill + requirement.

* daño producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.

* destrozo producido por las condiciones ambientales = environmental damage.

* en buena condición = in good condition, in good shape, in good nick.

* en buenas condiciones para navegar = seaworthy.

* en condiciones = decent.

* en condiciones de = in the position to.

* en condiciones de igualdad = on an equal footing, on equal terms, on an equal basis.

* en condiciones difíciles = under difficult conditions.

* en excelentes condiciones = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.

* en igualdad de condiciones = other things being equal, on equal terms, one of equals, ceteris paribus, in a tie, on an equal footing, on an equal basis, all (other) things being equal.

* en igualdad de condiciones para todos los sexos = gender-equitable.

* en las mejores condiciones posibles = in the best possible conditions.

* en malas condiciones = in poor condition, in bad condition, in bad shape, in poor shape.

* establecer una condición = specify + requirement.

* estar en igualdad de condiciones con = be on (an) equal footing with.

* estar en inferioridad de condiciones = punch above + Posesivo + weight.

* igualdad de condiciones para todos = levelling of the playing field.

* imponer una condición = place + limitation.

* mantener la condición (de) = retain + Posesivo + status (as).

* mejora de las condiciones laborales = horizontal ladder.

* negociar condiciones = negotiate + terms.

* que reúne las condiciones = qualified.

* reunir las condiciones = fit + the bill.

* reunir las condiciones para = qualify for.

* reunir una serie de condiciones = meet + set of conditions.

* según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms, in + Posesivo + own terms.

* sin condiciones = unconditionally.

* sin condiciones especiales = with no strings attached.

* términos y condiciones = terms and conditions.

* términos y condiciones de la licencia = licence terms and conditions, licence terms.

* tratamiento por condiciones = condition approach.

* * *

condición

feminine

A (requisito) condition

las condiciones del contrato the terms o conditions of the contract

se rindieron sin condiciones they surrendered unconditionally

a condiciónor con la condición de que on condition (that)

aceptó con la condición de que le aumentaran el sueldo he accepted on condition (that) they increased his salary

te lo presto a condición de que me lo devuelvas mañana I'll lend it to you as long as o provided (that) o providing (that) you give it back tomorrow

Compuestos:

● condiciones de entrega

fpl terms of delivery (pl)

● condiciones de pago

fpl terms of payment (pl)

● condiciones de venta

fpl conditions of sale (pl)

● condición de verdad

truth condition

● condición sine qua non

sine qua non ( frml)

dominar el inglés es condición sine qua non para el puesto a thorough knowledge of English is an essential requirement o a sine qua non for the job

B

1

(calidad, situación): en su condición de sacerdote as a priest

en su condición de jefe de la delegación in his capacity as head of the delegation

en su condición de diplomático tiene inmunidad as a diplomat, he has immunity, his diplomatic position o status gives him immunity

su condición de empleado de la empresa le impide participar en el concurso as o being an employee of the company, he is not permitted to enter the competition

2 (naturaleza) condition

la condición femenina the feminine condition

3 (clase social) condition ( dated), class

un hombre de condición humilde a man of humble condition o origins

una persona de su condición someone of your status o class

Compuesto:

condición humana

la condición humana the human condition

C condiciones fpl (estado, circunstancias) conditions (pl)

viven en condiciones infrahumanas they are living in subhuman conditions

condiciones meteorológicas weather conditions

competir en las mismas condiciones to compete on the same terms

las condiciones económicas son favorables para la inversión economic conditions are o the economic climate is favorable for investment

[ S ] refrigerar para conservar en óptimas condiciones refrigerate to keep (product) at its best

está en perfectas condiciones it is in perfect condition

la carne estaba en malas condiciones the meat was unfit for consumption, the meat was bad o ( BrE) off

se lo dejaremos todo en condiciones we will leave it in good order

todo tiene que estar en condiciones para el comienzo del curso everything must be ready o in order for the beginning of the school year

devolvieron la casa en pésimas condiciones they left the house in a terrible condition o state

condiciones DE + INF:

estará en condiciones de jugar el lunes he will be fit to play on Monday

no estoy en condiciones de hacer un viaje tan costoso I can't afford such an expensive trip, I am not in a position to go on such an expensive trip

no estás en condiciones de venir con exigencias you are not in a position to come making demands

Compuestos:

● condiciones de trabajo or laborales

fpl working conditions (pl)

● condiciones de vida

fpl living conditions (pl)

D condiciones fpl (aptitudes) talent

tiene condiciones para la música she has a talent o flair for music

no tiene condiciones para ese trabajo he is not suited to o ( colloq) cut out for that job

* * *

condición sustantivo femenino
1 ( requisito) condition;
◊ sin condiciones unconditionally;

a condición or con la condición de que on condition (that);
acepto con una condición I accept on one condition;
me puso una condición she made one condition
2
a) (calidad, situación):

◊ en su condición de sacerdote as a priest;

en su condición de jefe de la delegación in his capacity as head of the delegation
b) ( naturaleza) condition;

◊ la condición humana the human condition

3
◊ condiciones sustantivo femenino plural

a) (estado, circunstancias) conditions (pl);

◊ condiciones de trabajo/de vida working/living conditions;

estar en perfectas condiciones [coche/mueble] to be in perfect condition;

[ persona] to be in good shape;
◊ estar en condiciones de hacer algo (de ayudar,exigir) to be in a position to do sth;

(de correr, viajar,jugar) to be fit to do sth
b) ( aptitudes) talent;

◊ tener condiciones para algo (para la música, el arte) to have a talent for sth;

( para un trabajo) to be suited for sth
condición
I sustantivo femenino
1 (requisito) condition: te lo presto con la condición de que lo cuides, I lend you it on the condition that you look after it
2 (situación social) status: es de condición humilde, he has a humble background
3 (calidad) acudió en condición de ministro, he came in his capacity as minister
II fpl 1 condiciones (circunstancias) conditions: las condiciones de trabajo son pésimas, working conditions are terrible
no está en condiciones de exigir, he isn't in a position to demand anything
2 (estado) condition
en buenas/malas condiciones, in good/bad condition
3 (aptitudes) talent: tiene muchas condiciones para la danza, she has a talent for dancing
' condición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherencia
- carácter
- cuanta
- cuanto
- expresa
- expreso
- hacer
- humildad
- humilde
- salvedad
- si
- siempre
- calidad
- cumplir
- dependencia
- franquicia
- mientras
- solo
English:
average
- be
- condition
- deterioration
- fellow
- form
- fulfil
- fulfill
- if
- on
- physical condition
- precondition
- prerequisite
- provided
- proviso
- rider
- shape
- state
- stiff
- subject
- understanding
- stipulation

* * *

condición nf

1. [término, estipulación] condition;

para votar es condición ser mayor de edad in order to vote you have to be of age;

poner condiciones to set conditions;

con la o [m5] a condición de que on condition that;

con una sola condición on one condition;

sin condiciones unconditional;

las condiciones de un contrato the terms of a contract;

condiciones acostumbradas/convenidas usual/agreed terms

Comp
condiciones de entrega terms of delivery;
condiciones de pago payment terms, terms of payment;

condición sine qua non prerequisite;

tener experiencia con Esp [m5] ordenadores o Am [m5] computadores es condición sine qua non para obtener este trabajo a knowledge of computers is essential for this job;

condiciones de venta conditions of sale

2. [estado] condition;

en buenas/malas condiciones in good/bad condition;

tiró la leche porque estaba en malas condiciones she threw the milk away because it was off;

deseamos participar en condiciones de igualdad we want to participate on equal terms;

estar en condiciones de o [m5] para hacer algo [físicamente] to be in a fit state to do sth;
[por la situación] to be in a position to do sth;
no estar en condiciones [carne, pescado] to be off;
[vivienda] to be unfit for living in; [instalaciones] to be unfit for use;
no están en condiciones de exigir demasiado they are not in a position to make too many demands;

la sala no reúne las condiciones necesarias para que se celebre el concierto the hall does not meet the necessary requirements for the concert to be held there;

en tres días me dejaron la moto en condiciones they fixed my motorbike for me in just three days;

no estaba en condiciones de jugar he wasn't fit to play

3.
condiciones [circunstancias] conditions

Comp
condiciones atmosféricas weather conditions;
condiciones de trabajo working conditions;

condiciones de vida living conditions

4. [clase social] social class;

de condición humilde of humble circumstances;

en la manifestación había gente de toda condición there were people of every description at the demonstration

5. [naturaleza] nature;

la condición femenina/humana the feminine/human condition;

un adolescente de condición rebelde a rebellious youth;

mi condición de mujer… the fact that I am a woman…

6. [calidad] capacity;

en su condición de abogado in his capacity as a lawyer;

en su condición de parlamentario, tiene derecho a un despacho as an MP, he has the right to an office;

su condición de monarca no le permite opinar sobre ese asunto as the monarch, he is not permitted to express an opinion on this matter

7. [aptitud]
es un abogado de excelentes condiciones he's an extremely able lawyer;

tiene condiciones para la pintura she has a gift for painting;

no tiene condiciones para estudiar medicina he's not good enough to study medicine

* * *

condición

f

1 condition;

a condición de que on condition that;

condición previa precondition;

sin condiciones with no conditions attached

2 ( situación, estado)

:

estar en condiciones de be in a position to;

condición física physical condition;

estar en buenas/malas condiciones be in good/bad condition;

estar en condiciones be fit

* * *

condición nf, pl - ciones

1) : condition, state

2) : capacity, position

3) condiciones nfpl

: conditions, circumstances

condiciones de vida: living conditions

* * *

condición n condition / state

la casa está en buenas condiciones the house is in good condition

estos alimentos están en malas condiciones this food is bad

me puso una condición she set one condition

a condición de que on condition that

estar en condiciones (físicamente) to be fit (en posición) to be in a position

no estás en condiciones para juzgar you're in no position to judge

Spanish-English dictionary > condición
12 fomentar

v.

1 to encourage, to foster.

2 to promote, to boost, to advance, to be conducive to.

Ella alienta un ideal She fosters=nurtures an ideal.

* * *

fomentar

► verbo transitivo

1 to promote, encourage, foster

* * *

verb

1) to foster, promote

2) foment

* * *

VT

1) [+ desarrollo, investigación, ahorro, inversión, participación] to encourage; [+ turismo, industria] to promote, boost; [+ competitividad, producción] to boost; [+ odio, violencia] to foment

medidas destinadas a fomentar la integración racial — measures aimed at promoting o encouraging racial integration

2) (Med) to foment, warm

3) (=incubar)

la gallina fomenta sus huevos — the hen sits on o incubates her eggs

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <industria/turismo> to promote; <ahorro/inversión> to encourage, boost; <disturbio/odio> to incite, foment (frml)

hay que fomentarles el gusto por la música — one has to foster o encourage an interest in music in them

2) (Med) to foment

* * *

= advance, boost, cultivate, encourage, foster, further, nurture, promote, abet, foment, spur, elicit, stimulate, drive.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado drove, participio driven.

Ex. In addition to continuing and advancing programs begun prior to his directorship, Mr. Welsh has initiated the Cataloging in Publication program (CIP).

Ex. If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex. Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.

Ex. A common catalogue encourages users to regard the different information carrying media as part of range of media.

Ex. Among Mr. Welsh's professional activities and accomplishments are his successful efforts to foster an increased two-way communication between LC's Processing Department and his professional colleagues in the field.

Ex. IFLA's International Office for Universal Bibliographic Control was established in order to further international control of bibliographic records.

Ex. Studying the leisure reading preferences of teens can help library media specialists develop collections and programs that nurture a lifelong love of reading.

Ex. Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.

Ex. This article questions the pricing policies of some publishers for journals suggesting that librarians have inadvertently aided and abetted them in some cases.

Ex. The formats that emerge can be used by libraries, publishers, and information utilities worldwide to convert printed works to electronic forms or to create original works in electric format, and thus foment the creation of networked electronic library collections.

Ex. Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.

Ex. This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.

Ex. An alertness to work in related fields may stimulate creativity in disseminating ideas from one field of study to another, for both the researcher and the manager.

Ex. The notation 796.33 is used for sporst involving an inflated ball propelled ( driven) by foot.

----

* fomentar apoyo = build + support.

* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.

* fomentar el debate = foster + discussion.

* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest.

* fomentar interés = build + interest.

* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.

* fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) <industria/turismo> to promote; <ahorro/inversión> to encourage, boost; <disturbio/odio> to incite, foment (frml)

hay que fomentarles el gusto por la música — one has to foster o encourage an interest in music in them

2) (Med) to foment

* * *

= advance, boost, cultivate, encourage, foster, further, nurture, promote, abet, foment, spur, elicit, stimulate, drive.

Nota: Verbo irregular: pasado drove, participio driven.

Ex: In addition to continuing and advancing programs begun prior to his directorship, Mr. Welsh has initiated the Cataloging in Publication program (CIP).

Ex: If the title is selected by a book club this helps boost the print-run and overall sales.

Ex: Such familiarity can be cultivated with experience, and will consider the following features of data bases.

Ex: A common catalogue encourages users to regard the different information carrying media as part of range of media.

Ex: Among Mr. Welsh's professional activities and accomplishments are his successful efforts to foster an increased two-way communication between LC's Processing Department and his professional colleagues in the field.

Ex: IFLA's International Office for Universal Bibliographic Control was established in order to further international control of bibliographic records.

Ex: Studying the leisure reading preferences of teens can help library media specialists develop collections and programs that nurture a lifelong love of reading.

Ex: Initially, it is necessary that the scheme be published and available for purchase, and that its use is generally promoted.

Ex: This article questions the pricing policies of some publishers for journals suggesting that librarians have inadvertently aided and abetted them in some cases.

Ex: The formats that emerge can be used by libraries, publishers, and information utilities worldwide to convert printed works to electronic forms or to create original works in electric format, and thus foment the creation of networked electronic library collections.

Ex: Spurred by press comments on dumping of withdrawn library books in rubbish skips, Birkerd Library requested the Ministry of Culture's permission to sell withdrawn materials.

Ex: This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.

Ex: An alertness to work in related fields may stimulate creativity in disseminating ideas from one field of study to another, for both the researcher and the manager.

Ex: The notation 796.33 is used for sporst involving an inflated ball propelled ( driven) by foot.

* fomentar apoyo = build + support.

* fomentar el conocimiento = advance + knowledge.

* fomentar el debate = foster + discussion.

* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest.

* fomentar interés = build + interest.

* fomentar la competencia = cultivate + competition.

* fomentar la lectura = promote + reading.

* * *

fomentar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 ‹industria› to promote; ‹turismo› to promote, encourage, boost; ‹ahorro/inversión› to encourage, boost; ‹disturbio/odio› to incite, foment ( frml)

hay que fomentarles el gusto por la música one has to foster o encourage an interest in music in them

2 (fundar) to found

B ( Med) to foment

* * *

fomentar ( conjugate fomentar) verbo transitivo ‹industria/turismo› to promote;
‹ahorro/inversión› to encourage, boost;
‹disturbio/odio› to incite, foment (frml);
‹interés/afición› to encourage
fomentar verbo transitivo to promote
' fomentar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alimentar
English:
boost
- develop
- encourage
- foster
- promote
- stir up
- advance
- whip

* * *

fomentar vt

1. [favorecer] to encourage, to promote;

medidas para fomentar el ahorro measures to encourage saving;

una campaña para fomentar la lectura a campaign to encourage o promote reading

2. Carib, Méx [organizar] to open, to set up

* * *

fomentar

v/t solidaridad foster; COM promote; rebelión foment, incite

* * *

fomentar vt

1) : to foment, to stir up

2) promover: to promote, to foster

* * *

fomentar vb to promote

Spanish-English dictionary > fomentar
13 librería

f.

1 bookstore, book shop, bookseller's, bookshop.

2 bookcase, bookshelf, bookstall.

3 library.

* * *

librería

► nombre femenino

1 (tienda) bookshop, bookstore

2 (mueble) bookcase; (estantería) bookshelf

* * *

noun f.

bookstore

* * *

SF

1) (=tienda) bookshop, bookstore (EEUU)

librería anticuaria, librería de antiguo — antiquarian bookshop

librería de ocasión, librería de viejo — secondhand bookshop

2) (=estante) bookcase; (=biblioteca) library

3) (=comercio) book trade

* * *

femenino

1) ( tienda) bookstore (AmE), bookshop (BrE)

- librería de viejo or de ocasión

2) (Esp) ( mueble) bookcase

* * *

= bookshop [book shop], bookstore [book store], bookseller's shop, superstore bookshop, book superstore, book retailer.

Ex. For small collections document arrangement may be the only retrieval device available, particularly in bookshops, small public libraries and small specialist collections.

Ex. Many bookstore owners and acquistions librarians need more than just bibliographic data.

Ex. A lecture room, a bookseller's shop and a snack bar will be added later to the library.

Ex. This article describes how 5 independent booksellers in the USA have coped with the competition of superstore bookshops.

Ex. Recounts the experience of some US book superstores in offering drinks and eats in order to make them user friendly.

Ex. This article describes the division of opinion between publishers and book retailers on the subject of machine readable price coding on books.

----

* cadena de librerías = bookselling chain.

* dependiente de librería = bookstore clerk.

* empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.

* encargado de librería = bookstore clerk.

* * *

femenino

1) ( tienda) bookstore (AmE), bookshop (BrE)

- librería de viejo or de ocasión

2) (Esp) ( mueble) bookcase

* * *

= bookshop [book shop], bookstore [book store], bookseller's shop, superstore bookshop, book superstore, book retailer.

Ex: For small collections document arrangement may be the only retrieval device available, particularly in bookshops, small public libraries and small specialist collections.

Ex: Many bookstore owners and acquistions librarians need more than just bibliographic data.

Ex: A lecture room, a bookseller's shop and a snack bar will be added later to the library.

Ex: This article describes how 5 independent booksellers in the USA have coped with the competition of superstore bookshops.

Ex: Recounts the experience of some US book superstores in offering drinks and eats in order to make them user friendly.

Ex: This article describes the division of opinion between publishers and book retailers on the subject of machine readable price coding on books.

* cadena de librerías = bookselling chain.

* dependiente de librería = bookstore clerk.

* empleado de librería = bookstore clerk.

* encargado de librería = bookstore clerk.

* * *

librería

feminine

A (tienda) bookstore ( AmE), bookshop ( BrE)

Compuesto:

librería de viejo or de ocasión

second-hand bookstore o bookshop

B ( Esp) (mueble) bookcase

* * *

librería sustantivo femenino
1 ( tienda) bookstore (AmE), bookshop (BrE);
◊ librería de ocasión second-hand bookstore

2 (Esp) ( mueble) bookcase
librería sustantivo femenino
1 (establecimiento) bookshop, US bookstore
2 (mueble) bookcase
' librería' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
lance
- paliza
- tropezarse
- especializado
English:
bookcase
- bookshop
- bookstore
- exploit
- book
- should

* * *

librería nf

1. [tienda] bookshop, US bookstore

Comp
librería de lance second-hand bookshop;
librería de ocasión second-hand bookshop;

librería de viejo antiquarian bookshop

2. Esp [mueble] bookcase

3. Informát library

* * *

librería

f bookstore

* * *

librería nf

: bookstore

* * *

librería n bookshop

Spanish-English dictionary > librería
14 oposición

f.

1 opposition, reluctance, resistance.

2 opposition, reaction, counteraction, objection.

3 Opposition benches.

* * *

oposición

► nombre femenino

1 (antagonismo) opposition

2 (examen) competitive examination

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

preparar las oposiciones to study for a competitive exam

* * *

noun f.

1) opposition

2) competitive exam

* * *

SF

1) [gen] opposition

oposición frontal — direct opposition, total opposition

2) Esp
(tb: oposiciones) Civil Service examination
hay varias plazas de libre oposición o de oposición libre — there are several places that will be filled on the basis of a competitive examination

sacar unas oposiciones — to be successful in a public competition

hacer oposiciones a..., presentarse a unas oposiciones a... — to sit an examination for...

hacer oposiciones para una cátedra — to compete for a chair
OPOSICIONES Being a civil servant in Spain means having a job for life, but applicants for public-sector jobs must pass competitive exams called oposiciones. The candidates (opositores) must sit a series of written exams and/or attend interviews. Some applicants spend years studying for and resitting exams, so preparing candidates for oposiciones is a major source of work for many academias. All public-sector appointments that are open to competition are published in the BOE, an official government publication.
See:

ver nota culturelle ACADEMIA in academia,

ver nota culturelle BOE

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( enfrentamiento) opposition

oposición A algo — opposition to something

b) (Pol) opposition

2) (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones — to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination
•• Cultural note:
oposiciones

In Spain, competitive examinations for people wanting a public-sector job, to teach in a state secondary school, or to become a judge. The large number of candidates, or opositores - much higher than the number of posts available - means that the exams are very difficult. Those successful obtain very secure employment. Many people have private coaching for the exams

* * *

= opposition, antagonism, counteraction [counter-action].

Ex. I would like to ask each of them to tell us whether in fact there is a clear difference of opinion and direct opposition or whether there is no real inconsistency.

Ex. The influx of large numbers of Spanish-speaking people has brought to the surface feelings of antagonism on the part established residents, who feel threatened by the 'encroachment' of 'have-nots' into their neighborhoods.

Ex. For the individual who seeks to react rationally, whether by personal complaint or collective counteraction, it is often difficult even to discover the information which is needed to make a start.

----

* eludir una oposición = negotiate + resistance.

* encontrar oposición = meet with + opposition, find + opposition.

* en oposición a = as against, versus (vs - abreviatura).

* grupo de la oposición = opposition group.

* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.

* oposición, la = political opposition, the.

* oposición política, la = political opposition, the.

* partido de la oposición = opposition party.

* sin oposición = without opposition, unchallenged, unopposed.

* * *

femenino

1)

a) ( enfrentamiento) opposition

oposición A algo — opposition to something

b) (Pol) opposition

2) (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones — to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination
•• Cultural note:
oposiciones

In Spain, competitive examinations for people wanting a public-sector job, to teach in a state secondary school, or to become a judge. The large number of candidates, or opositores - much higher than the number of posts available - means that the exams are very difficult. Those successful obtain very secure employment. Many people have private coaching for the exams

* * *

la oposición

(n.) = political opposition, the

Ex: He then took the wind out of the sails of the political opposition two weeks ago when they had him on the run and he agreed to a general election.

= opposition, antagonism, counteraction [counter-action].

Ex: I would like to ask each of them to tell us whether in fact there is a clear difference of opinion and direct opposition or whether there is no real inconsistency.

Ex: The influx of large numbers of Spanish-speaking people has brought to the surface feelings of antagonism on the part established residents, who feel threatened by the 'encroachment' of 'have-nots' into their neighborhoods.

Ex: For the individual who seeks to react rationally, whether by personal complaint or collective counteraction, it is often difficult even to discover the information which is needed to make a start.

* eludir una oposición = negotiate + resistance.

* encontrar oposición = meet with + opposition, find + opposition.

* en oposición a = as against, versus (vs - abreviatura).

* grupo de la oposición = opposition group.

* oposición + crear = opposition + line up.

* oposición, la = political opposition, the.

* oposición política, la = political opposition, the.

* partido de la oposición = opposition party.

* sin oposición = without opposition, unchallenged, unopposed.

* * *

oposición

feminine

oposiciones (↑ oposición a1)

A

1 (enfrentamiento) opposition oposición A algo opposition TO sth

hubo una fuerte oposición popular a la nueva ley there was strong popular opposition to the law

2 ( Pol) opposition

B ( Esp) (examen) (public) competitive examination

ganó la plaza por oposición he got the post by taking o ( BrE) sitting a competitive examination

estoy preparando oposiciones I'm studying for my exams

* * *

oposición sustantivo femenino
1 ( en general) opposition
2 (Esp, Ven) ( concurso) (public) competitive examination;
◊ hacer oposiciones to take o (BrE) sit a competitive examination

oposición sustantivo femenino
1 (enfrentamiento, disparidad) opposition: la oposición votó en contra de la ley, the opposition voted against the bill
2 (examen para funcionario) competitive/entrance examination: se presentará a la próxima oposición para profesor universitario, he'll take the next competitive exam for the position of university professor
' oposición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acosar
- brecha
- contra
- convocatoria
- encontrarse
- firme
- flexibilizar
- interpelar
- líder
- manifestarse
- pasarse
- resistencia
- salpicar
- temario
- tribunal
- callar
- criollo
- declarar
- frontal
- partido
- provincia
- tierra
English:
call
- opposition
- quash
- shadow cabinet
- stand down
- uncontested
- unopposed
- back
- face
- minority

* * *

oposición nf

1. [resistencia] opposition (a to);
la oposición de mis padres a que haga este viaje es total my parents are totally opposed to me going on this trip

2. [política]
la oposición the opposition;

los partidos de la oposición the opposition parties

3. [examen] = competitive public examination for employment in the civil service, education, legal system etc;

oposición a profesor = public examination to obtain a state teaching post;

preparar oposiciones to be studying for a public examination;

conseguir una plaza por oposición to obtain a post by sitting a public examination

OPOSICIONES

When a Spanish person wishes to work in the civil service (this includes becoming a teacher in a state school), he or she has to take oposiciones. These are public examinations held to fill vacancies on a national, provincial or local basis. The positions attained through these exams normally imply a job for life (with a working day from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.), and they are much sought after in a country with a tradition of high unemployment. There are usually far too many candidates for every job advertised, so the requirements listed can be extremely rigorous: if you apply to be a postal worker or a clerk you may have to show an in-depth knowledge of the Constitution and of Spanish cultural issues. This is why many people spend years preparing for these examinations, especially for posts with more responsibility.

* * *

oposición

f

1 POL opposition

2

:

oposiciones pl official entrance exams

* * *

oposición nf, pl - ciones : opposition

* * *

oposición n

1. (en general) opposition

2. (examen) competitive examination

hacer oposiciones to sit an examination

Spanish-English dictionary > oposición
15 recuperar

v.

to recover.

recuperar el tiempo perdido to make up for lost time

recuperó la salud she got better, she recovered

recuperó la libertad tras diez años en la cárcel he regained his freedom after ten years in prison

Ellos rescataron el dinero They retrieved the money.

* * *

recuperar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to recover, recuperate, retrieve

2 (afecto) to win back; (conocimiento) to regain; (salud) to recover; (tiempo, clases) to make up

► verbo pronominal recuperarse

1 (disgusto, emoción) to get over (de, -), recover (de, from)

2 (enfermedad) to recover (de, from), recuperate (de, from)

* * *

verb

1) to recover

2) retrieve

* * *

1. VT

1) (=recobrar)

a) [+ bienes] to recover; [+ costes, pérdidas, inversión] to recoup, recover

no recuperamos el dinero robado — we didn't get the stolen money back, we didn't recover the stolen money más frm

nunca recuperarás lo que te gastas en lotería — you'll never get back what you spend on the lottery

b) [+ credibilidad, poder, libertad, control] to regain; [+ fuerzas] to get back, regain

ella ha hecho que recupere la confianza en la gente — she has made me regain my trust in people

el jugador ha recuperado la forma física — the player has regained fitness

el país comienza a recuperar la normalidad — the country is beginning to return to normality

al verte recuperó la sonrisa — the smile came back o returned to her face when she saw you

el dólar recupera posiciones — the dollar is recovering

nunca recuperó la memoria — she never got her memory back, she never regained o recovered her memory

c) [+ clase, día] to make up

ayer trabajaron el doble para recuperar el tiempo perdido — they worked double time yesterday to make up the time lost

esta clase tendremos que recuperarla — we'll have to make up this class

d) (Inform) to retrieve

2) (=reutilizar)

a) [+ edificio] to restore; [+ tierras] to reclaim; [+ chatarra, vidrio] to salvage

b) [del olvido] [+ artista, obra] to revive; [+ tradiciones] to restore, revive

esta exposición recupera a un gran pintor olvidado — this exhibition has revived a great but forgotten painter

3) (Educ) to retake, resit

tengo que recuperar una asignatura — I have to retake o resit one subject

2.

See:

recuperarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <dinero/joyas/botín> to recover, get back; < pérdidas> to recoup

b) < vista> to recover

recuperar la salud — to get better, recover

recuperar fuerzas — to get one's strength back

recuperar la confianza en sí mismo — to regain o recover one's self-confidence

c) ( compensar)

recuperar el tiempo perdido — to make up for lost time

tuve que recuperar los días que estuve enfermo — I had to make up (for) the days I was off sick

d) <examen/asignatura> to retake, make up (AmE)
2.
recuperarse v pron

recuperarse DE algo — de enfermedad to recover from something, recuperate from something (frml); de sorpresa/desgracia to get over something, recover from something

* * *

= hit, recall, recoup, recover, retrieve, reclaim, effect + retrieval, recuperate, redeem, catch up on, resuscitate, give + a second life, turn + Nombre + (a)round, regain.

Ex. FIB$3 will hit words where the stem 'FIB' is followed by no more than three characters.

Ex. Word processing software available for use on mainframe computers, microcomputers and word processors was originally designed for application where it is convenient to be able to store a text, then recall this text, and re-use it with minor modifications, at a later date.

Ex. If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.

Ex. In order to fulfil this function, the information which is stored in the library must be recovered, or retrieved, from the store.

Ex. Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.

Ex. The article ' Reclaiming our technological future' discusses the effects of electronic technology on the future development of libraries and librarians.

Ex. Further, menu screens will be necessary until the user has specified the task that he wishes executed or the information that he wishes to retrieve sufficiently for execution or retrieval to be effected.

Ex. Competition with superstores has forced them to recuperate sales by focusing on specific areas.

Ex. Eliot somehow suggests that a mix of blood and electricity might yet redeem the petty materialism of the modern world that he had previously seen only as a wasteland.

Ex. Non-book materials will need positive discrimination to catch up on the neglect in the past.

Ex. An ambitious study of the interrelationships of folklore and literature, this book resuscitates the figure of the granny using oral history and fieldwork.

Ex. This book will show you how to give a second life to everything from plastic containers to bubble wrap to pantyhose and more.

Ex. When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.

Ex. Once he regained his weight, he began to play like he did in 2006, when he won the tournament.

----

* ayudar a Alguien a recuperarse = help + Nombre + get on + Posesivo + feet.

* fácil de recuperar = easily-retrievable.

* recuperar de = resurrect from.

* recuperar el aliento = catch + Posesivo + breath.

* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.

* recuperar el prestigio = regain + Posesivo + prestige.

* recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.

* recuperar el tiempo perdido = make up for + lost time.

* recuperar gastos = recoup + costs, recoup against + costs.

* recuperar la confianza = boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.

* recuperar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.

* recuperar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength, gain + strength.

* recuperar la salud = regain + Posesivo + health.

* recuperar las fuerzas = recoup + energy, gain + strength.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperarse = rally + Reflexivo, find + Posesivo + feet, rebound, pick up, rally, turn + a corner, get + a second wind, get back into + the game, pick up + the pieces.

* recuperarse de = reel from.

* recuperarse totalmente = be up to strength.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

a) <dinero/joyas/botín> to recover, get back; < pérdidas> to recoup

b) < vista> to recover

recuperar la salud — to get better, recover

recuperar fuerzas — to get one's strength back

recuperar la confianza en sí mismo — to regain o recover one's self-confidence

c) ( compensar)

recuperar el tiempo perdido — to make up for lost time

tuve que recuperar los días que estuve enfermo — I had to make up (for) the days I was off sick

d) <examen/asignatura> to retake, make up (AmE)
2.
recuperarse v pron

recuperarse DE algo — de enfermedad to recover from something, recuperate from something (frml); de sorpresa/desgracia to get over something, recover from something

* * *

= hit, recall, recoup, recover, retrieve, reclaim, effect + retrieval, recuperate, redeem, catch up on, resuscitate, give + a second life, turn + Nombre + (a)round, regain.

Ex: FIB$3 will hit words where the stem 'FIB' is followed by no more than three characters.

Ex: Word processing software available for use on mainframe computers, microcomputers and word processors was originally designed for application where it is convenient to be able to store a text, then recall this text, and re-use it with minor modifications, at a later date.

Ex: If some records are acquired by only a limited number of libraries, it will be difficult to recoup the cost of creating and maintaining these records.

Ex: In order to fulfil this function, the information which is stored in the library must be recovered, or retrieved, from the store.

Ex: Step 1 Familiarisation: A searcher must be adequately familiar with that which he wishes to retrieve.

Ex: The article ' Reclaiming our technological future' discusses the effects of electronic technology on the future development of libraries and librarians.

Ex: Further, menu screens will be necessary until the user has specified the task that he wishes executed or the information that he wishes to retrieve sufficiently for execution or retrieval to be effected.

Ex: Competition with superstores has forced them to recuperate sales by focusing on specific areas.

Ex: Eliot somehow suggests that a mix of blood and electricity might yet redeem the petty materialism of the modern world that he had previously seen only as a wasteland.

Ex: Non-book materials will need positive discrimination to catch up on the neglect in the past.

Ex: An ambitious study of the interrelationships of folklore and literature, this book resuscitates the figure of the granny using oral history and fieldwork.

Ex: This book will show you how to give a second life to everything from plastic containers to bubble wrap to pantyhose and more.

Ex: When he was younger he really turned the library around, from a backwater, two-bit operation to the respected institution it is today.

Ex: Once he regained his weight, he began to play like he did in 2006, when he won the tournament.

* ayudar a Alguien a recuperarse = help + Nombre + get on + Posesivo + feet.

* fácil de recuperar = easily-retrievable.

* recuperar de = resurrect from.

* recuperar el aliento = catch + Posesivo + breath.

* recuperar el conocimiento = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.

* recuperar el prestigio = regain + Posesivo + prestige.

* recuperar el sentido = regain + Posesivo + consciousness.

* recuperar el tiempo perdido = make up for + lost time.

* recuperar gastos = recoup + costs, recoup against + costs.

* recuperar la confianza = boost + Posesivo + confidence, bolster + confidence.

* recuperar la energía = regain + Posesivo + strength.

* recuperar la fuerza = regain + Posesivo + strength, gain + strength.

* recuperar la salud = regain + Posesivo + health.

* recuperar las fuerzas = recoup + energy, gain + strength.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua gloria = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antigua grandeza = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperar + Posesivo + antiguo esplendor = regain + Posesivo + former glory.

* recuperarse = rally + Reflexivo, find + Posesivo + feet, rebound, pick up, rally, turn + a corner, get + a second wind, get back into + the game, pick up + the pieces.

* recuperarse de = reel from.

* recuperarse totalmente = be up to strength.

* * *

recuperar [A1 ]

vt

1 ‹dinero/joyas/botín› to recover, get back; ‹pérdidas› to recoup

recuperamos las joyas pero no el dinero we got the jewels back o we recovered the jewels but not the money

por fin recuperé todos los libros que había prestado I finally got back all the books I'd lent out

2 ‹vista› to recover

recuperó la salud she got well again, she recovered

pasé unos días en cama para recuperar fuerzas I stayed in bed for a couple of days to get my strength back

nunca recuperó la confianza en sí mismo he never regained o recovered his self-confidence

3

(compensar): recuperar el tiempo perdido to make up for lost time

el sábado recuperaremos la clase de hoy we'll make up today's lesson on Saturday

tuve que recuperar los días que estuve enfermo I had to make up (for) the days I was off sick

4 ‹delincuente› to rehabilitate

5 ‹examen/asignatura› to retake, to make up ( AmE), to resit ( BrE)

6 ( Inf) to undelete

■ recuperarse

v pron

recuperarse DE algo ‹de una enfermedad› to recover FROM sth, get over sth, recuperate FROM sth ( frml); ‹de una sorpresa/una desgracia› to get over sth, recover FROM sth

ya está recuperado del accidente he has recovered from o got(ten) over the accident

* * *

recuperar ( conjugate recuperar) verbo transitivo
a) ‹dinero/joyas/botín› to recover, get back;

‹ pérdidas› to recoup
b) ‹vista/salud› to recover;

‹ confianza› to regain;
◊ recuperar fuerzas to get one's strength back

c) ( compensar) ‹ tiempo perdido› to make up for;

◊ tienes que recuperar esas tres horas you have to make up those three hours

d) ‹examen/asignatura› to retake, make up (AmE)

recuperarse verbo pronominal recuperarse DE algo ‹ de enfermedad› to recover from sth, recuperate from sth (frml);
‹de sorpresa/desgracia› to get over sth, recover from sth
recuperar verbo transitivo
1 (un objeto) to recover, retrieve
2 (la salud, un sentido, etc) to recover, regain: recuperar las fuerzas, to get one's strength back
3 (el tiempo) to make up
4 (una asignatura) to retake
' recuperar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amortizar
- desempeñar
- reanimarse
- reivindicar
- fuerza
English:
catch up
- claw back
- get back
- homeland
- make up
- recapture
- reclaim
- recoup
- recover
- regain
- repossess
- retrieve
- snatch back
- take back
- win back
- even
- get

* * *

recuperar

♦ vt

1. [recobrar] [lo perdido] to recover;
[espacios naturales] to reclaim; [horas de trabajo] to make up; [conocimiento] to regain;
recuperar el tiempo perdido to make up for lost time;

recuperó la salud she got better, she recovered;

recuperó la vista she regained her sight, she got her sight back;

no recuperaron el dinero invertido they didn't get back o recoup the money they invested;

recuperó la libertad tras diez años en la cárcel he regained his freedom after ten years in prison;

haremos un descanso para recuperar fuerzas we'll have a break to get our strength back

2. [rehabilitar] [local, edificio] to refurbish

3. Informát [información dañada] to recover

4. [reciclar] to recover

5. [examen] to retake, Br to resit;

tengo que recuperar la física en septiembre I have to retake physics in September

6. [en baloncesto] to steal

♦ See also the pronominal verb recuperarse

* * *

recuperar

v/t

1 tiempo make up

2 algo perdido recover, get back

3 exámen retake, Br

re-sit

4 en baloncesto steal

* * *

recuperar vt

1) : to recover, to get back, to retrieve

2) : to recuperate

3) : to make up for

recuperar el tiempo perdido: to make up for lost time

♦ See also the reflexive verb recuperarse

* * *

recuperar vb

1. (en general) to recover / to get back

perdí el monedero, pero al día siguiente lo recuperé I lost my purse, but I got it back the next day

2. (tiempo, clases) to make up

hay que recuperar el tiempo perdido we have to make up the lost time

3. (examen) to pass a resit

recuperó inglés en septiembre he passed English at the resit in September

Spanish-English dictionary > recuperar
16 dont

dont [dɔ̃]

relative pronoun

   a. (provenant d'un complément de nom: indique la possession, la qualité etc) whose

• la femme dont vous apercevez le chapeau the woman whose hat you can see

• les enfants dont la mère travaille sont plus indépendants children with working mothers are more independent

   b. (indiquant la partie d'un tout) il y a eu plusieurs blessés, dont son frère there were several casualties, including his brother

• ils ont trois filles dont deux sont mariées they have three daughters, of whom two are married

   c. (indique la manière, la provenance) la façon dont elle marche/s'habille the way she walks/dresses

• des mines dont on extrait la bauxite mines from which bauxite is extracted

• la classe sociale dont elle est issue the social class she came from

   d. (provenant d'un complément prépositionnel d'adjectif, de verbe: voir aussi les adjectifs et verbes en question) l'outil dont il se sert the tool he is using

• la maladie dont elle souffre the illness she suffers from

• le film/l'acteur dont elle parle tant the film/actor she talks about so much

• l'accident dont il a été responsable the accident he was responsible for or for which he was responsible

• le collier/l'enfant dont elle est si fière the necklace/child she is so proud of

* * *
dɔ̃
Note: Lorsque la traduction de dont fait intervenir une préposition en anglais, deux tournures sont possibles: c'est un enfant dont je suis fier = he's a child I'm proud of; = he's a child of whom I am proud. La première traduction est utilisée dans la langue courante, parlée ou écrite; la seconde traduction relève de la langue soutenue, surtout écrite, et n'est pas toujours acceptable: le livre dont tu m'as parlé = the book you told me about

pronom relatif

1) ( en fonction d'objet indirect)

la jeune fille dont on nous disait qu'elle avait 20 ans — the girl who they said was 20 ou who was said to be 20

Sylvaine est quelqu'un dont on se souvient — Sylvaine is somebody (that) you remember

la maladie dont il souffre — the illness which he's suffering from

2) ( en fonction de complément d'un adjectif)

des élèves dont je suis satisfait — pupils I'm satisfied with, pupils with whom I am satisfied

des renseignements dont nous ne sommes pas certains — information which we are not sure about

3) ( en fonction de complément circonstanciel)

une voix dont elle sait admirablement se servir — a voice which she really knows how to use

la manière dont elle s'habille — the way (in which) she dresses

la façon dont il a été traité — the way he has been treated

la famille dont il descend — the family from which he is descended

4) ( en fonction de complément de nom)

un canapé dont les housses sont amovibles — a sofa whose covers are removable

un concours dont le lauréat gagnera... — a competition the winner of which will receive...

une personne dont il prétend être l'ami — a person whose friend he claims to be

5) ( parmi lesquels)

il y a eu plusieurs victimes dont mon père — there were several victims, one of whom was my father

l'organisation propose diverses activités dont l'équitation, la natation et le tricot — the organization offers various activities including horse riding, swimming and knitting

des boîtes dont la plupart sont vides — boxes, most of which are empty

* * *
dɔ̃ pron relatif
1) (relation d'appartenance) (objets) whose, of which, (êtres animés) whose

la maison dont le toit est rouge — the house whose roof is red

l'homme dont je connais la sœur — the man whose sister I know

2) (= parmi lesquel(le)s)

deux livres, dont l'un est en anglais — two books, one of which is in English

Il y avait plusieurs personnes, dont Gabrielle. — There were several people, among them Gabrielle.

10 blessés, dont 2 grièvement — 10 injured, 2 of them seriously

3) (complément d'adjectif, de verbe)

le fils dont il est si fier — the son he's so proud of

ce dont je parle — what I'm talking about

la fille dont je t'ai parlé — the girl I told you about

la façon dont il l'a fait — the way he did it, the way in which he did it

* * *

dont pron rel

❢ Lorsque la traduction de dont fait intervenir une préposition en anglais, deux tournures sont possibles: c'est un enfant dont je suis fier = he's a child I'm proud of; = he's a child of whom I am proud. La première traduction est utilisée dans la langue courante, parlée ou écrite; la seconde traduction relève de la langue soutenue, surtout écrite, et n'est pas toujours acceptable: le livre dont tu m'as parlé = the book you told me about.

1 ( en fonction d'objet indirect) la jeune fille dont on nous disait qu'elle avait 20 ans the girl who they said was 20 ou who was said to be 20; Sylvaine est quelqu'un dont on se souvient Sylvaine is somebody (that) you remember; l'époque dont je vous parle the time I'm talking about; l'argent dont je dispose the money (that) I have available, the money that is available to me; la maladie dont il souffre the illness which he's suffering from;

2 ( en fonction de complément d'un adjectif) des élèves dont je suis satisfait pupils I'm satisfied with, pupils with whom I am satisfied; des renseignements dont nous ne sommes pas certains information which we are not sure about ou about which we are not sure; dans le café dont il est voisin in the neighbouring^GB café; les vieux journaux dont leur salon est plein the old newspapers which their living room is full of ou of which their living room is full;

3 ( en fonction de complément circonstanciel) une voix dont elle sait admirablement se servir a voice which she uses to wonderful effect ou she really knows how to use; les méthodes dont ils ont usé the methods (that ou which) they used; la façon or manière dont elle s'habille the way (in which) she dresses; il s'est senti offensé par la façon dont il avait été traité he was offended by the way (that) he had been treated; elle fait des recherches sur la manière dont les affaires sont traitées she is doing research on the way in which business is conducted; j'avais oublié la façon dont il m'avait traité I had forgotten the way he ou how he had treated me; il rentra dans la chambre dont il était sorti cinq minutes auparavant he came back into the room (which) he had left five minutes before; l'arbre dont on extrait le caoutchouc the tree from which rubber is extracted; la famille dont il descend the family from which he is descended;

4 ( en fonction de complément de nom) un document dont l'importance n'échappe à personne a document the importance of which ou whose importance is clear to everyone; un canapé dont les housses sont amovibles a sofa the covers of which ou whose covers are removable; un concours dont le lauréat gagnera… a competition the winner of which will receive…; une ville dont la splendeur vous coupe le souffle a town whose splendour takes your breath away; une personne dont il prétend être l'ami a person whose friend he claims to be; une ville dont 50% des habitants ont plus de 55 ans a town 50% of whose inhabitants are over 55;

5 ( parmi lesquels) il y a eu plusieurs victimes dont mon père there were several victims, one of whom was my father; des jeunes gens dont plusieurs avaient les cheveux longs young men, several of whom had long hair; l'organisation propose diverses activités dont le cheval, la natation et le tricot the organization offers various activities including horse riding, swimming and knitting; il a sélectionné quelques bouteilles dont une pour toi he selected a few bottles including one for you; elle a écrit plusieurs pièces dont la meilleure est la dernière she has written several plays the best of which is ou the best being her latest one; des boîtes dont la plupart sont vides boxes, most of which are empty.

[dɔ̃] pronom relatif

1. [exprimant le complément du nom - personne] whose ; [ - chose] whose, of which (soutenu)

le club dont je suis membre the club to which I belong ou of which I'm a member (soutenu), the club I belong to

2. [exprimant la partie d'un tout - personnes] of whom ; [ - choses] of which

des livres dont la plupart ne valent rien books, most of which are worthless

deux personnes ont téléphoné, dont ton frère two people phoned, including your brother

3. [exprimant le complément de l'adjectif]

le service dont vous êtes responsable the service for which you are responsible

c'est la seule photo dont je sois fier it's the only photograph I'm proud of ou of which I'm proud

4. [exprimant l'objet indirect]

ce dont nous avons discuté what we talked about

une corvée dont je me passerais bien a chore (which) I could well do without

5. [exprimant le complément du verbe - indiquant la provenance, l'agent, la manière etc.]

une personne dont on ne sait rien a person nobody knows anything about

cette femme dont je sais qu'elle n'a pas d'enfants that woman who I know doesn't have any children

la famille dont je viens the family (which) I come from

les amis dont il est entouré the friends he is surrounded by

les cadeaux dont il a été comblé the many presents (which) he received

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > dont
17 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

back to top

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

back to top

Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

back to top

Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 5
"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
"
————————————————————————————————————————

Page 6

GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 7

GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

————————————————————————————————————————

Page 8

64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
18 print

print
1. noun
1) (a mark made by pressure: a footprint; a fingerprint.) huella, marca

2) (printed lettering: I can't read the print in this book.) letra, caracteres

3) (a photograph made from a negative: I entered three prints for the photographic competition.) copia

4) (a printed reproduction of a painting or drawing.) grabado

2. verb
1) (to mark (letters etc) on paper (by using a printing press etc): The invitations will be printed on white paper.) imprimir

2) (to publish (a book, article etc) in printed form: His new novel will be printed next month.) publicar, editar

3) (to produce (a photographic image) on paper: He develops and prints his own photographs.) imprimir, sacar una copia

4) (to mark designs on (cloth etc): When the cloth has been woven, it is dyed and printed.) estampar

5) (to write, using capital letters: Please print your name and address.) escribir en mayúsculas

•

- printer
- printing
- printing-press
- print-out
- in / out of print

print¹ n

1. letra

the print is very small, I need my glasses la letra es muy pequeña, necesito ponerme las gafas

2. huella / marca

the prints of a bicycle tyre las huellas del neumático de una bicicleta

print² vb

1. imprimir

we have printed 5000 copies of this book hemos impreso 5000 ejemplares de este libro

2. escribir con letra de imprenta

please type or print clearly por favor, escriba a máquina o con letra de imprenta

print

tr[prɪnt]

noun

1 (lettering) letra

■ in large print en letra grande

■ in small print en letra menuda, en letra pequeña

■ I saw it in print lo vi impreso

2 (photo) copia; (picture) grabado

3 (printed fabric) estampado

4 (mark - of finger, foot) huella, marca

transitive verb

1 (book, page, poster, etc) imprimir; (publish) publicar, editar

2 (photo - negative) imprimir; (- copy) sacar una copia de

3 (write clearly) escribir con letra de imprenta

4 (fabric) estampar

5 (make impression) marcar; (mentally) grabar

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in print (published) publicado,-a 2 (available) a la venta

out of print agotado,-a

print ['prɪnt] vt

: imprimir (libros, etc.)

print vi

: escribir con letra de molde

print n

1) impression: marca f, huella f, impresión f

2) : texto m impreso

to be out of print: estar agotado

3) lettering: letra f

4) engraving: grabado m

5) : copia f (en fotografía)

6) : estampado m (de tela)

print

n.

• estampa s.f.

• grabado s.m.

• impresión s.f.

• letra s.f.

• lámina s.f.

• marca s.f.

• positiva s.f.

• tipo s.m.

v.

• estampar v.

• imprimir v.

• publicar v.

• tirar v.

prɪnt
I

noun

1) u ( Print)

a) ( lettering) letra f

in large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes

the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica

b) ( text)

a page of print — una página impresa

in print — ( published) publicado; ( available) a la venta

to get into print — publicarse*

out of print — agotado

to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)

print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f

2) c

a) (Art, Print) grabado m

b) ( Phot) copia f

3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f

4) c u ( fabric) estampado m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*

to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo

b) \<\<fabric\>\> estampar

c) ( publish) publicar*, editar

d) printed past p impreso

printed matter — ( Post) impresos mpl

printed fabric — estampado m

2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta

3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*

to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo

4) ( make impression) (usu pass)

the scene is printed on my memory — tengo la escena grabada en la memoria

2.

vi

a) ( Print) imprimir*

b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de molde

c) ( Phot) salir*

Phrasal Verbs:

- print out

[prɪnt]
1. N

1) (Typ) (=letters) letra f ; (=printed matter) texto m impreso

I can't read this print, it's too small — no puedo leer esta letra, es demasiado pequeña

columns of tiny print — columnas fpl de letra pequeña or menuda

it presents the reader with solid masses of print — enfrenta al lector con largos párrafos de texto (impreso) ininterrumpido

• in bold print — en negrita

• the fine print — la letra pequeña or menuda

• to be in print — (=be published) estar publicado; (=be available) estar a la venta

to appear in print — [work] publicarse

the first time the term appeared in print was in 1530 — la primera vez que apareció el término en una publicación fue en 1530

• to get into print — publicarse

• in large print — con letra grande

• to be out of print — estar agotado

to go out of print — agotarse

• to rush into print — lanzarse a publicar

• in small print — con letra pequeña or menuda

read the small print before you sign — lea la letra pequeña or menuda antes de firmar

2) (=mark, imprint) [of foot, finger, tyre] huella f, marca f ; (=fingerprint) huella f digital, huella f dactilar

to take sb's prints — tomar las huellas digitales or dactilares a algn

3) (=fabric) estampado m

a cotton print — un estampado de algodón
floral 2.
4) (Art) (=etching, woodcut, lithograph) grabado m ; (=reproduction) reproducción f

5) (Phot, Cine) copia f ; contact 3.

2. VT

1) (=set in print) [+ letters, text] imprimir; [+ money] emitir

they printed 300 copies — hicieron una tirada de 300 ejemplares

printed in England — impreso en Inglaterra

• printed by — impreso por

• to print sth on or onto sth — estampar algo en algo

2) (=write in block letters) escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de molde

print it in block capitals — escríbalo con or en mayúsculas

3) (Phot) [+ negative] imprimir; [+ photo] sacar una copia de; [+ copy] sacar

4) (fig) grabar

her face was printed in my mind — su cara se me había quedado grabada en la mente

3.

VI [person] escribir con or en letra de imprenta, escribir con or en letra de molde; [machine] imprimir; [negative] salir

the book is printing now — el libro está en la imprenta en este momento

4.

CPD

print dress N — vestido m estampado

print journalist N — periodista mf de prensa escrita

print media NPL — medios mpl de comunicación impresos

print reporter N (US) — = print journalist

print run N — tirada f

print shop N — (Typ) imprenta f ; (=art shop) tienda f de grabados

print union N — sindicato m de tipógrafos

print wheel N — rueda f de tipos

print worker N — tipógrafo(-a) m / f

- print off

- print out

* * *
[prɪnt]
I

noun

1) u ( Print)

a) ( lettering) letra f

in large print — en letra grande or en caracteres grandes

the fine print (AmE) o (esp BrE) small print — la letra menuda or pequeña or (AmL tb) chica

b) ( text)

a page of print — una página impresa

in print — ( published) publicado; ( available) a la venta

to get into print — publicarse*

out of print — agotado

to go out of print — agotarse; (before n)

print worker — tipógrafo, -fa m,f

2) c

a) (Art, Print) grabado m

b) ( Phot) copia f

3) c (of foot, finger) huella f, marca f

4) c u ( fabric) estampado m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<letter/text/design\>\> imprimir*

to print something ON/ONTO something — imprimir* algo en algo

b) \<\<fabric\>\> estampar

c) ( publish) publicar*, editar

d) printed past p impreso

printed matter — ( Post) impresos mpl

printed fabric — estampado m

2) ( write clearly) escribir* con letra de imprenta

3) ( Phot) \<\<negative\>\> imprimir*

to print a copy from something — sacar* una copia de algo

4) ( make impression) (usu pass)

the scene is printed on my memory — tengo la escena grabada en la memoria

2.

vi

a) ( Print) imprimir*

b) ( write without joining the letters) escribir* con letra de imprenta or de molde

c) ( Phot) salir*

Phrasal Verbs:

- print out

English-spanish dictionary > print
19 come

[kʌm] intransitive verb, came [keɪm], come

1) kommen

come here! — komm [mal] her!

[I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!

come running — angelaufen kommen

come running into the room — ins Zimmer gerannt kommen

not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht

they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt

Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern

he has come a long way — er kommt von weit her

come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen

the train came into the station — der Zug fuhr in den Bahnhof ein

2) (occur) kommen; (in list etc.) stehen

3) (become, be)

the shoelaces have come undone — die Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen

the handle has come loose — der Griff ist lose

it all came right in the end — es ging alles gut aus

have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...

4) (become present) kommen

in the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat

to come — (future) künftig

in years to come — in künftigen Jahren

for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit

5) (be result) kommen

nothing came of it — es ist nichts daraus geworden

the suggestion came from him — der Vorschlag war od. stammte von ihm

6) (happen)

how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?

how come? — (coll.) wieso?; weshalb?

come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt

7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich sein

this dress comes in three sizes — dies Kleid gibt es in drei Größen od. ist in drei Größen erhältlich

8) (coll.): (play a part)

come the bully with somebody — bei jemandem den starken Mann markieren (salopp)

don't come the innocent with me — spiel mir nicht den Unschuldsengel vor! (ugs.)

don't come that game with me! — komm mir bloß nicht mit dieser Tour od. Masche! (salopp)

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/14418/come_about">come about

- come across

- come along

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come in

- come into

- come near

- come off

- come on

- come out

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come upon

- come with

* * *
1. past tense - came; verb
1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) kommen

2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) kommen

3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) erscheinen

4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) dazu kommen

5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) gelangen

6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) hinauslaufen auf
2. interjection
(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) nun, bitte

- comer
- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come
* * *

come

[kʌm]

I. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<came, come>

1. (move towards) kommen

\come here a moment kommst du mal einen Moment [her]?

careful, a car's coming! Achtung, da kommt ein Auto!

my sister came rushing out of the train meine Schwester stürmte aus dem Zug

coming! ich komme!

have you \come straight from the airport? kommen Sie direkt vom Flughafen?

did you \come here by car? sind Sie mit dem Auto gekommen?

she's \come 500 km to be here with us tonight sie ist 500 km gereist, um heute Abend bei uns zu sein

\come to sunny Bridlington for your holidays! machen Sie Urlaub im sonnigen Bridlington!

to \come into a room/building in ein Zimmer/Gebäude kommen

▪ to \come towards sb auf jdn zugehen

2. (arrive) ankommen

has she \come yet? ist sie schon da?

Christmas is coming bald ist Weihnachten

morning has not yet \come es ist noch nicht Morgen

Christmas only \comes once a year Weihnachten ist nur einmal im Jahr

how often does the post \come? wie oft kommt die Post?

\come Monday morning you'll regret... Montagmorgen wirst du es bereuen, dass...

\come March, I will have been married for two years im März bin ich zwei Jahre verheiratet

I think the time has \come to... ich denke, es ist an der Zeit,...

how's your headache? — it \comes and goes was machen deine Kopfschmerzen? — mal besser, mal schlechter

in days to \come in Zukunft

to \come to sb's rescue jdm zu Hilfe kommen

to \come as a surprise überraschend kommen

the year to \come das kommende [o nächste] Jahr

in years to \come in der Zukunft

3. (go for a purpose)

▪ to \come and do sth [vorbei]kommen, um etw zu tun

\come and visit us sometime komm doch mal vorbei

I'll \come and pick you up in the car ich hole dich dann mit dem Auto ab

dad, \come and see what I've done Papa, schau [mal], was ich gemacht habe

I've \come to read the gas meter ich soll den Gaszähler ablesen

▪ to \come for sb/sth jdn/etw abholen

your father will \come for you at 4 o'clock dein Vater kommt dich um 16 Uhr abholen

the police have \come for you die Polizei will Sie sprechen

4. (accompany someone) mitkommen

are you coming or staying? kommst du oder bleibst du noch?

would you like to \come for a walk? kommst du mit spazieren?

are you coming to the cinema tonight? kommst du heute Abend mit ins Kino?

do you want to \come to the pub with us? kommst du mit einen trinken?

5. (originate from) herrühren, stammen

where is that awful smell coming from? wo kommt dieser schreckliche Gestank her?

his voice came from the bathroom seine Stimme drang aus dem Badezimmer

he \comes of a farming family er stammt aus einer Familie mit langer Tradition in der Landwirtschaft

does that quote \come from Shakespeare? stammt das Zitat von Shakespeare?

to \come from Italy/a wealthy family aus Italien/einer wohlhabenden Familie stammen

6. (in sequence)

Z \comes after Y Z kommt nach Y

Monday \comes before Tuesday Montag kommt vor Dienstag

the article \comes before the noun der Artikel steht vor dem Substantiv

7. (in competition)

he \comes first in the list of the world's richest men er führt die Liste der reichsten Männer an

Paul came far behind Paul kam nur unter „ferner liefen“

to \come first/second BRIT, AUS Erste(r)/Zweite(r) werden

to \come from behind aufholen

8. (have priority)

to \come before sth wichtiger als etw sein

to \come first [bei jdm] an erster Stelle stehen

9. (happen) geschehen

how exactly did you \come to be naked in the first place? wie genau kam es dazu, dass Sie nackt waren?

\come to think of it... wenn ich es mir recht überlege,...

\come what may komme, was wolle

how did the window \come to be open? wieso war das Fenster offen?

you could see it coming das war ja zu erwarten

how \come? wieso?

how \come you missed the train? wie kommt's, dass du den Zug verpasst hast?

10. (be, become)

to \come under bombardment/pressure/suspicion unter Beschuss/Druck/Verdacht geraten

to \come under criticism in die Kritik geraten

to \come into fashion in Mode kommen

to \come into money/property/a title zu Geld/Besitz/einem Titel kommen

to \come into office sein Amt antreten

to \come into power an die Macht kommen

to \come loose sich [ab]lösen

to \come open sich akk öffnen; door aufgehen

how did that phrase \come to mean that? wie kam dieser Ausdruck zu dieser Bedeutung?

I've \come to like him more and more ich finde ihn immer netter

I've finally \come to agree with you du hast mich überzeugt

your shoelaces have \come undone deine Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen

all my dreams came true all meine Träume haben sich erfüllt

everything will \come right in the end am Ende wird alles gut werden

nothing came of it daraus ist nichts geworden

his hair \comes [down] to his shoulders seine Haare reichen ihm bis auf die Schultern

11. (be available) erhältlich sein; (exist) vorkommen, existieren

the vase \comes in a red box die Vase wird in einem roten Karton geliefert

how would you like your coffee? — as it \comes, please wie trinken Sie Ihren Kaffee? — schwarz, bitte

sth \comes in different sizes/colours etw ist in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farben erhältlich, etw gibt es in unterschiedlichen Größen/Farben

to \come cheap[er] billig[er] sein fam

12. (progress) weiterkommen

we've \come a long way wir haben viel erreicht

13. (sl: have orgasm) kommen sl

14.

▶ \come, \come! ach, ich bitte dich! fam

▶ \come again? [wie] bitte?

▶ to \come clean about sth etw beichten

▶ he/she had it coming [to himself/herself] ( fam) das hat er/sie sich selbst zu verdanken!

▶ don't \come it [with me]! sei nicht so frech [zu mir]!

▶ I don't know whether I'm coming or going ich weiß nicht, wo mir der Kopf steht fam

▶ to be as stupid as they \come dumm wie Stroh sein

▶ ... and \come to that...... und da wir gerade davon sprechen,... fam

▶ to \come unstuck BRIT, AUS plan schiefgehen; speaker steckenbleiben; person baden gehen fam; project in die Binsen gehen fam

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

( esp pej: behave like)

to \come the heavy father [with sb] [bei jdm] den strengen Vater herauskehren

to \come the poor little innocent [with sb] [bei jdm] die Unschuldige/den Unschuldigen spielen

don't \come that game with me! komm mir jetzt bloß nicht so! fam

III. NOUN

no pl ( vulg: semen) Soße f vulg

* * *
[kʌm] pret came, ptp come
1. vi

1) (= approach) kommen

come and get it! — (das) Essen ist fertig!, Essen fassen! (esp Mil)

to come and go — kommen und gehen; (vehicle) hin- und herfahren

the picture/sound comes and goes — das Bild/der Ton geht immerzu weg

I don't know whether I'm coming or going — ich weiß nicht (mehr), wo mir der Kopf steht (inf)

come and see me soon — besuchen Sie mich bald einmal

he has come a long way — er hat einen weiten Weg hinter sich; (fig)

the project has come a long way — das Projekt ist schon ziemlich weit

he came running into the room — er kam ins Zimmer gerannt

he came hurrying into the room — er eilte ins Zimmer

he came laughing into the room — er kam lachend ins Zimmer

coming! —

come come!, come now! (fig) — komm(, komm)!, na, na!

Christmas is coming — bald ist Weihnachten

2) (= arrive) kommen; (= reach, extend) reichen (to an/in/bis etc +acc)

they came to a town/castle — sie kamen in eine Stadt/zu einem Schloss

it came to me that... — mir fiel ein, dass...

3) (= have its place) kommen

May comes before June — Mai kommt vor Juni

the adjective must come before the noun — das Adjektiv muss vor dem Substantiv stehen

where does your name come in the list? — an welcher Stelle auf der Liste steht Ihr Name?

that must come first — das muss an erster Stelle kommen

all the other candidates came far behind — die anderen Bewerber waren weit abgeschlagen

4) (= happen) geschehen

come what may — ganz gleich, was geschieht, komme, was (da) mag (geh)

you could see it coming — das konnte man ja kommen sehen, das war ja zu erwarten

she had it coming to her (inf) —

you've got it coming to you (inf) — mach dich auf was gefasst!

recovery came slowly — nur allmählich trat eine Besserung ein

5)

how come? (inf) — wieso?, weshalb?

how come you're so late?, how do you come to be so late? — wieso etc kommst du so spät?

6) (= be, become) werden

his dreams came true — seine Träume wurden wahr

the handle has come loose —

it comes less expensive to shop in town — es ist or kommt billiger, wenn man in der Stadt einkauft

everything came all right in the end — zuletzt or am Ende wurde doch noch alles gut

7) (COMM: be available) erhältlich sein

milk now comes in plastic bottles — es gibt jetzt Milch in Plastikflaschen

8)

(+infin = be finally in a position to) I have come to believe him — inzwischen or mittlerweile glaube ich ihm

I'm sure you will come to agree with me — ich bin sicher, dass du mir schließlich zustimmst

(now I) come to think of it — wenn ich es mir recht überlege

9)

the years/weeks to come — die kommenden or nächsten Jahre/Wochen

in days to come — in Zukunft

in time to come —

the life (of the world) to come — das ewige Leben

10) (inf uses)

... come next week — nächste Woche...

I've known him for three years come January — im Januar kenne ich ihn drei Jahre

how long have you been away? – a week come Monday — wie lange bist du schon weg? – (am) Montag acht Tage (inf) or eine Woche

a week come Monday I'll be... — Montag in acht Tagen (inf) or in einer Woche bin ich...

come again? — wie bitte?

she is as vain as they come — sie ist so eingebildet wie nur was (inf)

11) (inf: have orgasm) kommen (inf)

2. vt (Brit inf
= act as if one were) spielen
don't come the innocent with me — spielen Sie hier bloß nicht den Unschuldigen!, kommen Sie mir bloß nicht auf die unschuldige Tour

he tried to come the innocent with me — er hat versucht, den Unschuldigen zu markieren (inf), er hat es auf die unschuldige Tour versucht (inf)

don't come that game or that (with me)! — kommen Sie mir bloß nicht mit DER Tour! (inf), DIE Masche zieht bei mir nicht!

that's coming it a bit strong! — das ist reichlich übertrieben

3. n
(sl: semen) Saft m (sl)
* * *

come [kʌm]

A v/i prät came [keım], pperf come

1. kommen:

sb is coming es kommt jemand;

I don’t know whether I’m coming or going ich weiß nicht, wo mir der Kopf steht;

be long in coming lange auf sich warten lassen;

come before the judge vor den Richter kommen;

he came to see us er besuchte uns, er suchte uns auf;

no work has come his way er hat (noch) keine Arbeit gefunden;

that comes on page 4 das kommt auf Seite 4;

the message has come die Nachricht ist gekommen oder eingetroffen;

ill luck came to him ihm widerfuhr (ein) Unglück;

I was coming to that darauf wollte ich gerade hinaus;

come 8th SPORT etc Achter werden

2. (dran)kommen, an die Reihe kommen:

who comes first?

3. kommen, erscheinen, auftreten:

come and go

a) kommen und gehen,

b) erscheinen und verschwinden;

love will come in time mit der Zeit wird sich die Liebe einstellen

4. reichen, sich erstrecken:

the dress comes to her knees das Kleid reicht ihr bis zu den Knien

5. kommen, gelangen ( beide:

to zu):

come to the throne auf den Thron gelangen;

come into danger in Gefahr geraten;

when we come to die wenn es zum Sterben kommt, wenn wir sterben müssen;

how came it to be yours? wie kamen oder gelangten Sie dazu?

6. kommen, abstammen ( beide:

of, from von):

he comes of a good family er kommt oder stammt aus gutem Hause;

I come from Leeds ich stamme aus Leeds

7. kommen, herrühren ( beide:

of von):

that’s what comes of your hurry das kommt von deiner Eile;

nothing came of it es wurde nichts daraus

8. kommen, geschehen, sich entwickeln, sich ereignen, SPORT fallen (Tor):

come what may ( oder will) komme, was da wolle;

how did this come to be? wie kam es dazu?

9. sich erweisen:

it comes expensive es kommt teuer;

the expenses come rather high die Kosten kommen recht hoch

10. ankommen ( to sb jemanden):

it comes hard (easy) to me es fällt mir schwer (leicht)

11. (vor inf) werden, sich entwickeln, dahin oder dazu kommen:

he has come to be a good musician er ist ein guter Musiker geworden, aus ihm ist ein guter Musiker geworden;

it has come to be the custom es ist Sitte geworden;

come to know sb jemanden kennenlernen;

come to know sth etwas erfahren;

come to appreciate sb jemanden schätzen lernen;

I have come to believe that … ich bin zu der Überzeugung gekommen, dass…;

how did you come to do that? wie kamen Sie dazu, das zu tun?

12. (besonders vor adj) werden, sich entwickeln:

come true sich bewahrheiten oder erfüllen, eintreffen:

come all right in Ordnung kommen;

the butter will not come die Butter bildet sich nicht oder umg wird nicht

13. AGR, BOT (heraus-)kommen, sprießen, keimen

14. auf den Markt kommen, erhältlich sein:

these shirts come in three sizes diese Hemden gibt es in drei Größen

15. to come (als adj gebraucht) (zu)künftig, kommend:

the life to come das zukünftige Leben;

for all time to come für alle Zukunft;

in the years to come in den kommenden Jahren

16. umg kommen (einen Orgasmus haben)

B v/t umg sich aufspielen als, jemanden oder etwas spielen, herauskehren:

don’t try to come the great scholar over me! versuche nicht, mir gegenüber den großen Gelehrten zu spielen!;

come it over sb sich jemandem gegenüber aufspielen;

come it a bit (too) strong (stark) übertreiben;

don’t come that dodge over me! mit dem Trick kommst du bei mir nicht an!

C int na (hör mal)!, komm!, bitte!:

come, come!

a) auch come now! nanu!, nicht so wild!, immer langsam!

b) (ermutigend) na komm schon!, auf gehts!

D s

1. Kommen n:

the come and go of the years das Kommen und Gehen der Jahre

2. vulg Soße f (Sperma)Besondere Redewendungen: come to that umg was das betrifft;

as stupid as they come umg dumm wie Bohnenstroh;

how comes it that …?, umg how come that …? wie kommt es, dass …? how come? umg wieso (denn)?, wie das?;

a year ago come March umg im März vor einem Jahr;

came Christmas obs dann kam Weihnachten;

he is coming nicely umg er macht sich recht gut;

come it Br umg es schaffen;

he can’t come that Br umg das schafft er nicht; → again 1; (siehe a. die Verbindungen mit den entsprechenden Substantiven etc)

* * *

[kʌm] intransitive verb, came [keɪm], come

1) kommen

come here! — komm [mal] her!

[I'm] coming! — [ich] komme schon!

come running — angelaufen kommen

come running into the room — ins Zimmer gerannt kommen

not know whether or if one is coming or going — nicht wissen, wo einem der Kopf steht

they came to a house/town — sie kamen zu einem Haus/in eine Stadt

Christmas/Easter is coming — bald ist Weihnachten/Ostern

he has come a long way — er kommt von weit her

come to somebody's notice or attention/knowledge — jemandem auffallen/zu Ohren kommen

the train came into the station — der Zug fuhr in den Bahnhof ein

2) (occur) kommen; (in list etc.) stehen

3) (become, be)

the shoelaces have come undone — die Schnürsenkel sind aufgegangen

the handle has come loose — der Griff ist lose

it all came right in the end — es ging alles gut aus

have come to believe/realize that... — zu der Überzeugung/Einsicht gelangt sein, dass...

4) (become present) kommen

in the coming week/month — kommende Woche/kommenden Monat

to come — (future) künftig

in years to come — in künftigen Jahren

for some time to come — [noch] für einige Zeit

5) (be result) kommen

nothing came of it — es ist nichts daraus geworden

the suggestion came from him — der Vorschlag war od. stammte von ihm

6) (happen)

how comes it that you...? — wie kommt es, dass du...?

how come? — (coll.) wieso?; weshalb?

come what may — komme, was wolle (geh.); ganz gleich, was kommt

7) (be available) [Waren:] erhältlich sein

this dress comes in three sizes — dies Kleid gibt es in drei Größen od. ist in drei Größen erhältlich

8) (coll.): (play a part)

come the bully with somebody — bei jemandem den starken Mann markieren (salopp)

don't come the innocent with me — spiel mir nicht den Unschuldsengel vor! (ugs.)

don't come that game with me! — komm mir bloß nicht mit dieser Tour od. Masche! (salopp)

Phrasal Verbs:

- come about

- come across

- come along

- come away

- come back

- come between

- come by

- come down

- come in

- come into

- come near

- come off

- come on

- come out

- come over

- come round

- come through

- come to

- come together

- come under

- come up

- come upon

- come with

* * *

interj.

eingekehrt interj.

komm interj.

kommen interj. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: came, come)

= kommen v.

(§ p.,pp.: kam, ist gekommen)

English-german dictionary > come
20 prueba

f.

1 piece of evidence.

no tengo pruebas I have no proof o evidence

2 sign.

en o como prueba de in o as proof of

3 test.

de prueba on approval (producto comprado)

prueba de alcoholemia breath test

prueba del embarazo pregnancy test

la prueba de fuego the acid test

prueba de resistencia endurance test

4 test.

prueba de acceso entrance examination

prueba de aptitud aptitude test

5 ordeal, trial (trance).

6 event (sport).

prueba de saltos show jumping (de equitación)

7 proof (Imprenta).

8 sample.

9 audition.

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: probar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: probar.

* * *

prueba

► nombre femenino

1 (demostración) proof

■ ahí está la prueba de que no decía la verdad there's the proof that he wasn't telling the truth

2 (experimento) experiment, trial

■ hemos hecho la prueba de no regañarla a ver qué pasa we've tried not telling her off to see what happens

■ haz la prueba try it

3 (examen) test

4 TÉCNICA trial

5 MEDICINA test

6 DEPORTE event

7 DERECHO evidence

■ lo absolvieron por falta de pruebas he was acquitted due to lack of evidence

8 (en imprenta) proof

■ necesitamos un corrector de pruebas we need a proofreader

9 (en costura) fitting

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a prueba de proof against

■ a prueba de balas bulletproof

■ a prueba de golpes shockproof

en prueba de as a sign of

■ toma este anillo en prueba de mi amor take this ring as a sign of my love

poner a prueba to put to the test

prueba de acceso entrance examination

prueba de fuego acid test

prueba del embarazo pregnancy test

prueba nuclear nuclear test

* * *

noun f.

1) proof

2) evidence

3) event

4) test, trial

5) token

* * *

SF

1) (=demostración) proof

esta es una prueba palpable de su incompetencia — this is clear proof of his incompetence

¿tiene usted prueba de ello? — can you prove it?, do you have proof?

eso es la prueba de que él lo hizo — this proves that he did it, this is the proof that he did it

es prueba de que tiene buena salud — that proves o shows he's in good health

sin dar la menor prueba de ello — without giving the faintest sign of it

• ser buena prueba de algo — to be clear proof of sth

el resultado es buena prueba de su profesionalidad — the result is clear proof of her professionalism

Alonso dio buena prueba de su calidad como orador — Alonso clearly demonstrated his quality as a speaker, Alonso gave clear proof of his quality as a speaker

• como o en prueba de — in proof of

como o en prueba de lo cual — in proof of which

me lo dio como o en prueba de amistad — he gave it to me as a token of friendship

como o en prueba de que no es así te lo ofrezco gratis — to prove that that isn't the case, I'll give it to you for free

• a las pruebas me remito — (I'll let) the facts speak for themselves

2) (Jur) piece of evidence

pruebas — evidence sing

el fiscal presentó nuevas pruebas — the prosecutor presented new evidence

se encuentran en libertad por falta de pruebas — they were released for lack of evidence

pruebas documentales — documentary evidence sing

pruebas indiciarias — circumstantial evidence sing

3) (=examen) (Escol, Univ, Med) test; [de actor] (Cine) screen test; (Teat) audition

la maestra nos hizo una prueba de vocabulario — our teacher gave us a vocabulary test

el médico me hizo más pruebas — the doctor did some more tests on me

se tendrán que hacer la prueba del SIDA — they'll have to be tested for AIDS

- ser la prueba de fuego de algo

prueba de acceso — entrance test, entrance examination

prueba de alcoholemia — Breathalyzer ® test

prueba de aptitud — aptitude test

prueba de capacitación — proficiency test

prueba de(l) embarazo — pregnancy test

prueba de inteligencia — intelligence test

prueba de nivel — placement test

prueba de paternidad — paternity test

prueba de selectividad — (Univ) entrance examination

prueba de tornasol — litmus test

prueba nuclear — nuclear test

prueba práctica — practical, practical test

4) (=ensayo)

a) [gen]

haz la prueba — try it

• período de prueba — [de persona] probationary period; [de producto] trial period

piloto de pruebas — test pilot

vuelo de pruebas — test flight

• estar en (fase de) pruebas — to be on trial

emitir en pruebas — (TV) to broadcast test transmissions

b)

• a prueba — (Téc) on trial; (Com) on approval, on trial

el nuevo secretario está a prueba durante un mes — the new secretary is on trial for a month

ingresar con un nombramiento a prueba — to take up a post for a probationary period

matrimonio a prueba — trial marriage

• poner o someter a prueba — to put to the test

poner a prueba la paciencia de algn — to try sb's patience

poner a prueba los nervios de algn — to test sb's nerves

c)

• a prueba de, a prueba de agua — waterproof

a prueba de bala(s) — bulletproof

a prueba de bomba(s) — (lit) bombproof, shellproof

un método a prueba de bombas — a surefire method

es de una honestidad a prueba de bomba — he's completely honest

a prueba de choques — shockproof

a prueba de ladrones — burglarproof

a prueba de ruidos — soundproof

prueba clínica — clinical trial

prueba de campo — field trial

prueba en carretera — (Aut) test drive

5) (Dep) (=disciplina) event; (=carrera) race

la prueba de los cien metros lisos — the hundred metres

la prueba de descenso — the downhill

la prueba individual — (Tenis) the singles

prueba campo a través — (Atletismo) cross-country race; (Hípica) cross-country trial

prueba clasificatoria — heat

prueba contrarreloj — time trial

prueba de carretera — (Ciclismo) road race

prueba de obstáculos — obstacle race

prueba de relevos — relay, relay race

prueba de resistencia — endurance test

prueba de vallas — hurdles, hurdles race

prueba eliminatoria — heat

prueba en ruta — (Ciclismo) road race

prueba por equipos — (Ciclismo) team trial

6) (Cos) fitting

sala de pruebas — fitting room

7) (Fot) print

prueba negativa — negative

prueba positiva — print

8) [de comida] (=acto) testing, sampling; (=cantidad) taste, sample

9) LAm [en el circo] (=número) circus act; And (=función) circus show, performance

10) pl pruebas (Tip) proofs

primeras pruebas — first proofs, galleys

pruebas de planas — page proofs

corrector de pruebas — proofreader

* * *
I
femenino

1)

a) (demostración, testimonio) proof

no hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad — there's no proof that that's true

tendrá que presentar pruebas de ello — he'll have to prove it

esto es prueba concluyente de que nos mintió — this is conclusive proof that he lied to us

eso es prueba de que le caes bien — that proves he likes you

dio constantes pruebas de su lealtad — he proved his loyalty again and again

no dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo — he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering

en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude

b) (Der) piece of evidence

falta de pruebas — lack of evidence

- prueba de compra

- pruebas materiales

2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition

- prueba de aptitud

- prueba de fuego

3)

a) (ensayo, experimento)

haz la prueba de dejarlo en remojo — try leaving it to soak

vamos a hacer la prueba — let's try

b) ( circunstancia difícil)

la enfermedad de su padre fue una dura prueba para ella — her father's illness was a testing time for her

c) (en locs)

a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass

d) ( en costura) fitting

- prueba de laboratorio

- prueba del alcohol or de la alcoholemia

- prueba del embarazo

- prueba nuclear

4) (Fot, Impr) proof

corregir pruebas — to proofread

5) (Dep)

en las pruebas de clasificación — in the qualifying heats

la prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)

las pruebas de descenso — the downhill events
II
pruebas, etc see probar

* * *

= assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.

Ex. Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.

Ex. To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.

Ex. An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.

Ex. Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.

Ex. Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.

Ex. Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.

Ex. Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.

Ex. Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.

Ex. Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.

Ex. The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.

Ex. Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.

Ex. This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.

Ex. The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.

Ex. Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.

Ex. The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.

Ex. One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.

Ex. The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.

Ex. Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.

Ex. These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.

Ex. The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.

Ex. A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.

Ex. The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.

Ex. Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.

Ex. The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.

Ex. The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.

Ex. The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.

Ex. Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.

Ex. Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.

----

* anterior a la prueba = pretrial.

* antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].

* a prueba = on trial.

* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.

* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.

* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.

* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de niños = childproof.

* a prueba de robos = theft proof.

* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.

* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].

* a prueba de viento = windproof.

* a toda prueba = unswerving.

* banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.

* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.

* carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.

* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.

* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.

* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.

* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.

* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.

* como pruebas = in evidence.

* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.

* corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.

* corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.

* corregir una prueba = correct + proof.

* dar pruebas = provide + evidence.

* demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.

* de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.

* después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].

* durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.

* encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.

* en prueba = on trial.

* existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.

* falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.

* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.

* hacer pruebas = prove + trials.

* hacer una prueba = audition.

* haciendo pruebas = trial and error.

* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.

* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.

* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.

* lugar de pruebas = test site.

* no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.

* oferta de prueba = trial offer.

* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.

* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.

* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.

* período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.

* peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.

* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.

* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.

* poseer pruebas = have + evidence.

* posterior a la prueba = post-test.

* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.

* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.

* programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.

* proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.

* prueba beta = beta test.

* prueba cloze = cloze test.

* prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.

* prueba de acidez = litmus test.

* prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.

* prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.

* prueba de antidoping = drug testing.

* prueba decisiva = litmus test.

* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.

* prueba de desgaste = wear test.

* prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.

* prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.

* prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.

* prueba de identidad = proof of identity.

* prueba de laboratorio = lab test.

* prueba de la densidad = density test.

* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.

* prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.

* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.

* prueba de paternidad = paternity test.

* prueba de prensa = press proof.

* prueba de referencia = benchmark test.

* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.

* prueba determinante = litmus test.

* prueba de tornasol = litmus test.

* prueba de validación = validation test.

* prueba documental = documentary evidence.

* prueba dura = ordeal.

* prueba evidente = living proof.

* prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.

* prueba final = final.

* prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.

* prueba in situ = field test.

* prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.

* prueba palpable = living proof.

* prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].

* pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.

* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.

* pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.

* pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.

* pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.

* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.

* pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.

* pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.

* pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.

* prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.

* pruebas previas = prior art.

* prueba univariante = univariate test.

* prueba viviente = living proof.

* puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.

* puesto a prueba = overstretched.

* realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.

* recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.

* resultados de pruebas = test data.

* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.

* ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.

* ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.

* ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.

* someter a prueba = place + strain on.

* terreno de pruebas = testing ground.

* tira de prueba = test strip.

* versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.

* * *
I
femenino

1)

a) (demostración, testimonio) proof

no hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad — there's no proof that that's true

tendrá que presentar pruebas de ello — he'll have to prove it

esto es prueba concluyente de que nos mintió — this is conclusive proof that he lied to us

eso es prueba de que le caes bien — that proves he likes you

dio constantes pruebas de su lealtad — he proved his loyalty again and again

no dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo — he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering

en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento — as a token of my gratitude

b) (Der) piece of evidence

falta de pruebas — lack of evidence

- prueba de compra

- pruebas materiales

2) (Educ) test; (Cin) screen test, audition; (Teatr) audition

- prueba de aptitud

- prueba de fuego

3)

a) (ensayo, experimento)

haz la prueba de dejarlo en remojo — try leaving it to soak

vamos a hacer la prueba — let's try

b) ( circunstancia difícil)

la enfermedad de su padre fue una dura prueba para ella — her father's illness was a testing time for her

c) (en locs)

a prueba: tomar a alguien a prueba to take somebody on for a trial period; tener algo a prueba to have something on trial; poner algo a prueba to put something to the test; estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience; a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch; un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism; cristal a prueba de balas — bulletproof glass

d) ( en costura) fitting

- prueba de laboratorio

- prueba del alcohol or de la alcoholemia

- prueba del embarazo

- prueba nuclear

4) (Fot, Impr) proof

corregir pruebas — to proofread

5) (Dep)

en las pruebas de clasificación — in the qualifying heats

la prueba de los 1.500 metros — the 1,500 meters (event o race)

las pruebas de descenso — the downhill events
II
pruebas, etc see probar

* * *

= assaying, edit sheet, engraving, field trial, galley, page proof, proof slip, proofsheet, proving trial, trial, trial print, trial run, tangible evidence, reassurance, test, proof copy, proof, galley proof, proof sheet, lab test, test session, test drive, test run, modelling exercise, performance test, ordeal, audition, tryout.

Ex: Suppose you have classified, by UDC, the document 'Select methods of metallurgical assaying', class number 669.9.

Ex: To print MARC record edit sheets, press 'Alt F3', which means to press and hold down the 'Alt' key, followed by pressing the 'F3' key.

Ex: An art print is an engraving, etching, lithograph, etc. printed from the plate prepared by the artist.

Ex: Telidon was first demonstrated in 1978, and small-scale field trials videotex and teletext started in 1980.

Ex: Final editing and corrections are done on this terminal, and galleys are sent to the customer.

Ex: Catalogue cards are available for each item recorded in the weekly BNB, and for Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) records prepared from the page proofs of forthcoming titles.

Ex: Since it seems clear that many libraries will not be automating, they will have to depend on traditional sources of cataloging data such as cards, proof slips, and book catalogs.

Ex: Alternatively a library may receive proofsheets of every LC catalogue record, and make a selection from these when items arrive.

Ex: Bureaux can be useful for proving trials, and the deferment of commitments until a suitable size of data base has been accumulated in the computer system.

Ex: The intention was to determine which department within each library has the responsibility for arranging trials of products.

Ex: Trial prints (proofs) of the formes were then made, and compared with the copy from which they had been set.

Ex: This course can be taken by librarians as well as readers and its trial run started in 1987.

Ex: The chairwoman of the board had decided that as part of the screening process those who had successfully survived the initial winnowing should furnish the board with tangible evidence of how they might perform on a specific assignment.

Ex: Such reassurance becomes particularly important if the inquirer has not sampled the file, either in a printed format or in browsing online.

Ex: The suppliers claim that tests show this to be sufficient for 980 of all entries.

Ex: One can only point to the efforts being made at BNB to produce cataloguing records as quickly as possible from proof copies if at all feasible.

Ex: The catalogue has been automated since 1984, and further proof of the library's value and ability to move with the times are shown by its 8,400 plus individual members.

Ex: Checking is carried out by comparison of the galley proof against the manuscript.

Ex: These have the advantages of economy, and (if the subscriber desires) selectivity because the records on the proof sheets are divided into broad categories which can be obtained separately.

Ex: The article 'Search engine showdown' reports the results of lab tests carried out on 7 major World Wide Web (WWW) search engines available free of charge on the Internet.

Ex: A cognitive walkthrough consists of a re-enactment of a test session in which the user is queried about their movements and decisions throughout the test session.

Ex: The author presents an evaluation of PatentView in terms of product information, search and retrieval facilities, documentation, and test drive.

Ex: Test run results show that by taking advantage of the favourable properties of holography shorter response times are obtained.

Ex: The modelling exercise would indicate which model was most economic and which was most cost-effective.

Ex: The domains covered in the performance tests for the area of cosmetology were: hair cut, permanent wave, shampooing, wigs and hairpieces, skin care, hair conditioners (scalp and treatment), and manicuring.

Ex: The article has the title ' Ordeals of a frustrated European intermediary with competitive intelligence searching'.

Ex: Applicants may receive information regarding these auditions by sending a one-page written resume to this office no later than October 20, 2008.

Ex: Nearly 200 players submitted applications to be considered for the tryouts and the pool was narrowed to 84.

* anterior a la prueba = pretrial.

* antes de la prueba = pretest [pre-test].

* a prueba = on trial.

* a prueba de bombas = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA], bomb-proof.

* a prueba de conejos = rabbit-proof.

* a prueba de fallos = fail-safe.

* a prueba de incendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de inendios = fireproof [fire-proof].

* a prueba de niños = childproof.

* a prueba de robos = theft proof.

* a prueba de tornados = tornado proof.

* a prueba de un tratamiento duro = ruggedised [ruggedized, -USA].

* a prueba de viento = windproof.

* a toda prueba = unswerving.

* banco de pruebas = testbed [test bed], benchmarking.

* cada vez más pruebas = accumulating evidence.

* carga de la prueba, la = burden of proof, the.

* chaleco a prueba de balas = bullet-proof vest.

* como prueba de = as a token of, as a sign of.

* como prueba de agradecimiento = as a token of thanks.

* como prueba de + Posesivo + agradecimiento = as a token of + Posesivo + appreciation.

* como prueba de + Posesivo + gratitud = as a token of + Posesivo + gratitude.

* como pruebas = in evidence.

* corrección de pruebas = proofreading, proof correction.

* corrector de pruebas = proofreader, corrector.

* corregir pruebas = proof, proofread.

* corregir una prueba = correct + proof.

* dar pruebas = provide + evidence.

* demostrar Algo con pruebas = demonstrate + in print.

* de prueba = on a trial basis, trial, probationary, on trial.

* después de la prueba = posttest [post-test].

* durante un período de prueba = on a trial basis.

* encontrar pruebas = find + evidence.

* en prueba = on trial.

* existir pruebas de que = there + be + evidence that.

* falta de pruebas = lack of evidence to the contrary.

* hacer la prueba = give + it a whirl, give + it a shot, give + it a try.

* hacer pruebas = prove + trials.

* hacer una prueba = audition.

* haciendo pruebas = trial and error.

* las pruebas = the writing on the wall.

* lugar de prueba alfa = alpha test site, alpha site.

* lugar de prueba beta = beta test site.

* lugar de pruebas = test site.

* no superar la prueba de = not stand the test of.

* oferta de prueba = trial offer.

* pasar la prueba = pass + muster.

* pasar una prueba = endure + ordeal, pass + a test, stand up.

* pasar una prueba de sobra = pass with + flying colours.

* período de prueba = probationary period, trial period, trial run, probation, period of probation, probation period.

* peso de la prueba, el = burden of proof, the.

* poner Algo a prueba = push + Nombre + to + Posesivo + limits.

* poner a prueba = stretch, tax, try, strain, overtax, pilot, put to + the test, test, trial, overstretch, push + the envelope, put + Nombre + to the test, try + Nombre + on, push + Nombre + to the edge.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + Posesivo + patience, try + Nombre + patience, try + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba la paciencia de un santo = test + the patience of a saint.

* poner a prueba una idea = test + idea, pilot + idea.

* poseer pruebas = have + evidence.

* posterior a la prueba = post-test.

* presentar las pruebas ante = lay + evidence before.

* presentar pruebas = give + evidence.

* programa de prueba beta = beta test programme.

* proporcionar pruebas = provide + evidence.

* prueba beta = beta test.

* prueba cloze = cloze test.

* prueba concluyente = conclusive evidence.

* prueba de acidez = litmus test.

* prueba de alcoholemia = breath test, alcohol testing.

* prueba de antidopaje = drug testing.

* prueba de antidoping = drug testing.

* prueba decisiva = litmus test.

* prueba de compra = proof of purchase.

* prueba de desgaste = wear test.

* prueba de detección de consumo de drogas = drug testing.

* prueba de detección del cáncer = health facility, cancer screening.

* prueba de fuego, la = acid test, the.

* prueba de identidad = proof of identity.

* prueba de laboratorio = lab test.

* prueba de la densidad = density test.

* prueba de la máxima proximidad = nearest neighbour test.

* prueba del embarazo = pregnancy test.

* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.

* prueba del solapamiento = overlap test.

* prueba de paternidad = paternity test.

* prueba de prensa = press proof.

* prueba de referencia = benchmark test.

* prueba de rendimiento = benchmark, benchtest, achievement test, performance test.

* prueba determinante = litmus test.

* prueba de tornasol = litmus test.

* prueba de validación = validation test.

* prueba documental = documentary evidence.

* prueba dura = ordeal.

* prueba evidente = living proof.

* prueba fehaciente = competent proof, living proof.

* prueba final = final.

* prueba inequívoca = ironclad proof.

* prueba in situ = field test.

* prueba nuclear = nuclear weapons testing.

* prueba palpable = living proof.

* prueba rápida = quiz form, quiz [quizzes, -pl.].

* pruebas = evidence, proofs, testing.

* pruebas cada vez más concluyentes = mounting evidence.

* pruebas circunstanciales = circumstantial evidence.

* pruebas contundentes = hard evidence.

* pruebas convincentes = convincing evidence.

* pruebas de rendimiento = benchmarking.

* pruebas en contra = evidence to the contrary.

* pruebas forenses = forensic evidence.

* pruebas indirectas = circumstantial evidence.

* prueba sobre el terreno = field test, field trial.

* pruebas previas = prior art.

* prueba univariante = univariate test.

* prueba viviente = living proof.

* puesta a prueba = trying, piloting.

* puesto a prueba = overstretched.

* realizar una prueba = conduct + trial, take + test.

* recoger pruebas = collect + evidence, gather + evidence, accumulate + evidence.

* resultados de pruebas = test data.

* sacar una prueba = pull + a proof.

* ser la prueba de fuego de Algo = test + Nombre + to the limit.

* ser prueba suficiente = be proof enough.

* ser una prueba más de = strengthen + evidence.

* someter a prueba = place + strain on.

* terreno de pruebas = testing ground.

* tira de prueba = test strip.

* versión de prueba = test drive, trial version.

* * *

prueba¹

feminine

A

1

(demostración, señal): te ha llamado, eso es prueba de que le caes bien he called you, that shows o that proves he likes you, he called you, that's a sure sign that he likes you

no había estudiado nada, la prueba está en que no contestó ni una pregunta it was quite clear o evident that he hadn't done any studying, he didn't answer a single question

dio constantes pruebas de su lealtad he proved his loyalty over and over again

no dio la menor prueba de estar sufriendo he didn't give the slightest hint o indication that he was suffering

acepta este regalo en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento accept this gift as a token of my gratitude

2 ( Der)

(cosa, argumento): retiraron la acusación por falta de pruebas the charge was withdrawn owing to lack of evidence

no hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad there's no proof that that's true

tendrá que presentar pruebas de ello he will have to provide evidence to prove it, he'll have to prove it

esta nueva prueba this new (piece of) evidence

esto es prueba concluyente de que nos mintió this is conclusive proof that he lied to us

a las pruebas me remito this/that proves it

3 ( Mat):

hacer la prueba de una operación to check one's calculations

Compuestos:

● prueba circunstancial

circumstantial evidence

● prueba de compra

proof of purchase

● prueba del absurdo

la prueba del absurdo reductio ad absurdum

● pruebas materiales

fpl material evidence

B ( Educ) test; ( Cin) screen test, audition; ( Teatr) audition

Compuestos:

● prueba de aptitud

aptitude test

● prueba de fuego

acid test

es un papel verdaderamente difícil, que va a ser su prueba de fuego como actor it's a really difficult part, which will be the acid test of his acting ability

● prueba de nivel

placement test, grading test

C

1

(ensayo, experimento): ¿qué pasa si aprietas este botón? — no sé, hagamos la prueba what happens if you press this button? — I don't know, let's try it and see

¿por qué no haces la prueba de dejarlo en remojo? why don't you try leaving it to soak?

¡mira que te pego! — ¿a ver? ¡haz la prueba! (CS fam); I'll hit you! — oh yeah? let's see you try! ( colloq)

2 ( en locs):

a prueba: no tenía experiencia pero lo tomaron a prueba he had no experience but they took him on for a trial period o on probation

tenemos esta fotocopiadora a prueba we have this photocopier on trial

llévelo a prueba take it on trial o on approval

poner algo a prueba to put sth to the test

estás poniendo a prueba mi paciencia you're trying my patience

a prueba de: un reloj a prueba de golpes a shockproof watch

un dispositivo a prueba de ladrones a burglarproof mechanism

a prueba de niños ( hum); childproof

cristal a prueba de balas bulletproof glass

dio unos argumentos a prueba de balas she put forward some rock solid o cast-iron arguments

3 (en costura) fitting

Compuestos:

● prueba de laboratorio

laboratory trial o test

● prueba del alcohol or de la alcoholemia

Breathalyzer® test, sobriety test ( AmE), drunkometer test ( AmE)

● prueba del embarazo

pregnancy test

● prueba nuclear

nuclear test

● prueba patrón or de referencia

benchmark

hacer la prueba patrón or de referencia to benchmark

● pruebas de armas

fpl weapons testing

D ( Fot, Impr) proof

corregir pruebas to proofread

Compuestos:

● prueba de artista

artist's proof

● prueba de galera or imprenta

galley proof

E

1 ( Dep):

en las pruebas de clasificación in the qualifying heats

la prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters event o race, the 1,500 meters

las pruebas de descenso the downhill events

2 ( AmL) (ejercicio) feat, act

Compuesto:

prueba de ruta

road race

prueba², pruebas etc

probar

* * *

Del verbo probar: ( conjugate probar)

prueba es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
probar
prueba
probar ( conjugate probar) verbo transitivo
1 ( demostrar) ‹teoría/inocencia› to prove
2
a) ‹vino/sopa› to taste;

( por primera vez) to try
b) ‹ método› to try;

‹coche/mecanismo› to try out
c) ‹ ropa› to try on;

pruebale algo A algn to try sth on sb
d) ( poner a prueba) ‹empleado/honradez› to test;

‹arma/vehículo› to test (out)
verbo intransitivo ( intentar) to try;
prueba A hacer algo to try doing sth
probarse verbo pronominal ‹ropa/zapatos› to try on
prueba sustantivo femenino
1
a) (demostración, testimonio) proof;

◊ no hay pruebas de que eso sea verdad there's no proof that that's true;

eso es prueba de que le caes bien that proves he likes you;
en or como prueba de mi agradecimiento as a token of my gratitude
b) (Der) piece of evidence

2 (Educ) test;
(Cin) screen test, audition;
(Teatr) audition
3
a) (ensayo, experimento) test;

◊ vamos a hacer la prueba let's try;

prueba de la alcoholemia Breathalyzer® test, sobriety test (AmE), drunkometer test (AmE);
prueba del embarazo pregnancy test
b) ( en locs)

◊ a prueba: tomar a algn a prueba to take sb on for a trial period;

tener algo a prueba to have sth on trial;
poner algo a prueba to put sth to the test;
a prueba de golpes/de balas shockproof/bulletproof
c) ( en costura) fitting

4 (Fot, Impr) proof;
◊ corregir pruebas to proofread

5 (Dep):
◊ en las pruebas de clasificación in the qualifying heats;

la prueba de los 1.500 metros the 1,500 meters (event o race)
probar
I verbo transitivo
1 (una teoría, un hecho) to prove
2 (una máquina, un aparato, etc) to test
3 (comida, bebida) to try
(sabor, etc) to taste: no prueba el alcohol, he never touches alcohol
II vi (intentar) to try ➣ Ver nota en try
prueba sustantivo femenino
1 proof
corregir pruebas, to proofread
como prueba de mi amistad, as a sign of my friendship
2 (experimento, examen, etc) test, trial
poner algo a prueba, to put sthg to the test: puso a prueba mi paciencia, she put my patience to the test
figurado la prueba de fuego, the acid test
prueba de alcoholemia, sobriety test, Breathalyzer(tm) test
3 (competición) event
4 Jur piece of evidence: no tienes pruebas, you have no evidence
♦ Locuciones: a prueba (en un trabajo) on trial: le cogieron quince días a prueba, they took him on for a two-week trial period
a prueba de: a prueba de balas, bulletproof
a prueba de golpes, shockproof
' prueba' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acceso
- alcoholemia
- cala
- comprometedor
- comprometedora
- constancia
- ensayo
- escarceo
- estrellarse
- indicio
- preliminar
- presentarse
- probar
- psicotécnica
- psicotécnico
- selectividad
- someter
- suficiencia
- terminante
- testimonio
- admisión
- audición
- bala
- concluyente
- contundente
- convivencia
- corregir
- correr
- decisivo
- delator
- documental
- ejercicio
- evaluación
- exigente
- fondo
- individual
- justificación
- muestra
- otro
- pasar
- preparar
- puntaje
- puntuar
- resistencia
- superar
English:
acid test
- aptitude test
- audition
- burden
- childproof
- contest
- demonstration
- discovery
- dummy run
- event
- exhibit
- fitting
- idiot-proof
- positive
- preponderance
- probation
- proof
- qualifying
- shellproof
- shockproof
- shred
- strain
- tax
- test
- test drive
- test run
- touch
- trial
- try
- windproof
- air
- approval
- bear
- Breathalyzer
- cast
- endurance
- failing
- go
- heat
- litmus
- one
- over
- pace
- pilot
- probationary
- quiz
- screen
- see
- sobriety
- token

* * *

prueba

♦ ver probar

♦ nf

1. [demostración] proof;

no existe ninguna prueba de que haya copiado en el examen there is no proof that he copied during the exam;

dio pruebas irrefutables de que era inocente she gave irrefutable proof of her innocence, she proved beyond doubt that she was innocent;

no tengo pruebas I have no proof;

¡ahí tienes la prueba! that proves it!

2. Der piece of evidence;

pruebas evidence, proof;

fue absuelto por falta de pruebas he was acquitted owing to a lack of evidence;

presentar pruebas to submit evidence;

a las pruebas me remito the evidence will bear me out

Comp
pruebas indiciarias circumstantial evidence;
pruebas de indicios circumstantial evidence;

pruebas instrumentales documentary evidence

3. [manifestación, señal] sign;

eso es prueba de que les importa this proves they care, this is a sign that they care;

a mitad de carrera empezó a dar pruebas de cansancio halfway through the race she started to show signs of tiring;

en o [m5] como prueba de mi amistad in o as proof of friendship;

le hice el regalo como prueba de agradecimiento/mi amor I gave her the present as a token of my gratitude/love

4. [examen académico] test;

el examen consta de una prueba escrita y otra oral the exam has an oral part and a written part

Comp
prueba de acceso entrance examination;
prueba de aptitud aptitude test

5. [comprobación, ensayo, experimento] test;

hicimos la prueba de cambiar las pilas we tried changing the batteries;

¡haga usted la prueba! try it and see!;

hacerle a alguien una prueba to test sb, to give sb a test;

Comp
RP Fam
hacer la prueba: te voy a abandonar para siempre – hacé la prueba I'm going to walk out and leave you for good – go on, then!

Comp
prueba del ADN DNA test;
prueba del alcohol Breathalyser® test;

hacer la prueba del alcohol a alguien to breathalyse sb;

prueba de (la) alcoholemia Br Breathalyser® o US drunkometer test;

prueba antidopaje drugs test;

prueba antidoping drugs test;

hacer la prueba antidoping a alguien to test sb for drugs;

prueba del embarazo pregnancy test;

hacerse la prueba del embarazo to take a pregnancy test;
Fig la prueba de fuego the acid test;
prueba nuclear nuclear test;

pruebas nucleares nuclear testing;

prueba de (la) paternidad paternity test;

prueba de resistencia endurance test;

la prueba del sida AIDS test;

hacerle a alguien la prueba del sida to test sb for AIDS;

hacerse la prueba del sida to have an AIDS test;

prueba de sonido sound check

6. [trance] ordeal, trial;

la distancia fue una dura prueba para su relación being separated really put their relationship to the test

7. Dep event;

la prueba de los 110 metros vallas the 110 metres hurdles;

la prueba de lanzamiento de jabalina the javelin;

una prueba ciclista a cycling race

Comp
prueba clásica classic;
prueba clasificatoria heat;

prueba eliminatoria heat;

prueba de saltos [de equitación] show jumping (competition)

8. Imprenta proof;

corregir pruebas, hacer corrección de pruebas to proofread

9. Fot prueba negativa negative;

prueba positiva print

10. Am [ejercicio] acrobatic feat

♦ a prueba loc adj
[trabajador] on probation; [producto comprado] on trial o approval;
poner a prueba la paciencia de alguien to try sb's patience;

poner algo/a alguien a prueba to put sth/sb to the test;

fe a toda prueba unshakeable faith;

* * *

prueba

f

1 tb TIP proof;

en prueba de as proof of;

dar pruebas de prove, give proof of

2 JUR piece of evidence;

por falta de pruebas for lack of evidence

3 DEP event

4 EDU test;

prueba de acceso o

admisión entrance exam

5 resistencia

:

a prueba de bala bulletproof;

a prueba de agua waterproof;

a prueba de aire airtight;

a prueba de fuego fireproof;

a prueba de choques shock-resistant;

poner algo a prueba put sth to the test

* * *

prueba, etc. probar

prueba nf

1) : proof, evidence

2) : trial, test

3) : proof (in printing or photography)

4) : event, qualifying round (in sports)

5)

a prueba de agua : waterproof

6)

prueba de fuego : acid test

7)

poner a prueba : to put to the test

* * *

prueba n

1. (examen, análisis) test

el médico me hizo unas pruebas the doctor did some tests

2. (en deportes) event

la prueba de natación the swimming event

3. (testimonio) proof

es la prueba de que está diciendo la verdad it's proof that he is telling the truth

a prueba on trial

a prueba de balas bulletproof

poner a prueba to put to the test [pt. & pp. put]

Spanish-English dictionary > prueba

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

Competition (economics) — Competition in economics is a term that encompasses the notion of individuals and firms striving for a greater share of a market to sell or buy goods and services. Merriam Webster defines competition in business as the effort of two or more… … Wikipedia
Competition between Airbus and Boeing — is a result of both companies domination of the large jet airliner market since the 1990s, a consequence of mergers within the global aerospace industry over the years. Airbus began as a consortium from Europe, whereas the American Boeing took… … Wikipedia
competition — [käm΄pə tish′ən] n. [L competitio] 1. the act of competing; rivalry 2. a contest, or match 3. official participation in organized sport 4. opposition, or effective opposition, in a contest or match 5. rivalry in business, as for customers or… … English World dictionary
Competition — For other uses, see Competition (disambiguation). A selection of images showing some of the sporting events that are classed as athletics competitions Competition is a contest between individuals, groups, animals, etc. for territory, a niche, or… … Wikipedia
Competition law — Antitrust redirects here. For the 2001 film, see Antitrust (film). For laws specific to the U.S., see United States antitrust law. Competition law Basic concepts … Wikipedia
Competition and Consumer Act 2010 — Competition law Basic concepts History of competition law Monopoly Coercive monopoly Natural monopoly … Wikipedia
Competition Commission — The Competition Commission is an independent body responsible for investigating mergers, market shares and conditions and the regulation of firms under United Kingdom competition law. It is a non departmental public body (NDPB) under the… … Wikipedia
Competition (biology) — Sea Anemones compete for the territory in tide pools Competition is an interaction between organisms or species, in which the fitness of one is lowered by the presence of another. Limited supply of at least one resource (such as food, water … Wikipedia
Competition Act 1998 — The Competition Act 1998 is the current major source of competition policy in the UK along with Enterprise Act 2002. The act provides an updated framework for identifying and dealing with restrictive business practices and abuse of a dominant… … Wikipedia
Competition of Google Street View — Google Street View is by far the most extensive street view service in the world, but there are others who provide more specific coverage to a certain area: Contents 1 Asia 2 Europe 3 North America 4 Oceania … Wikipedia
Gliding competition — Competition grid at 2004 UK Standard Class Nationals, Aston Down Some of the pilots in the sport of gliding take part in gliding competitions. These are usually racing competitions, but there are also aerobatic contests and on line league tables … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

available in a competition

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

available in a competition

См. также в других словарях:

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка: